"Academic disciplines "

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"Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use.

In this modern era with global competition in every field we see that there is a tendency toward specializing in ones education. A couple of decades earlier not many would have pursued post docs and now-a-days a post-doc degree seems to have become extremely common. Lot of universities have also realized the need of giving specialized education as a necessity to adapt to the ever changing needs of the modern day life. Recently due to the excessive interest and popularity of transacting on the Internet many schools came up with specialized "e-commerce" degree. Hence the first part of the statement given is apt in saying that the academic disciplines are becoming more and more specialized.

However, considering what the remaining part of the statement says, is it true that ideas of the scholars in these specialized disciplines reach only narrow audience? Is it necessary that all the people understand these ideas? Is it necessary that a idea should be widely understood in order to have greater use? Lets go ahead and dissect each of these questions to reach a consensus.

Lets consider the issue about the 'reach' for a scholar's idea. The target audience of the idea would depend on whether the scholar's idea is totally related to the field of his study or whether it is an idea which has general applications. With the communication mechanisms existing today (emails, internet, discussion groups etc) the scholar can easily make his ideas reach any target audience very easily. If he is lacking motivation or is tied up to do this, still most of the specialized disciplines interact with people from other disciplines on regular basis. For example - a Phd thesis has to be endorsed by people in that department as well as a person outside the department in most of the cases. Further the thesis has to be given to an audience which can consists of amalgamation of people from any other disciplines. All these built in mechanisms will keep a check to it that the idea reaches a wider audience. Hence it would not be too wise to think that scholars in specialized disciplines have a limited audience.

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Further there seems to be an increasing trend to fuse two closely related specialized disciplines in most of the institutions. Different departments of most institutions are co-ordinating among themselves to have a symbiotic effect. These techniques also keep a check on narrow focus/reach that might impede the possible effect of a great idea.

It is beyond doubt that specialization does not mean narrow audience, in this modern day life. To take a practical example - People all over the world are enjoying the benefits of the search engine google.com. No one would have to know about the cryptic details of the database search algorithms involved in creation of the application. The idea of a Phd scholar in a specialized field of data mining has reached in a practical form and is being used by a person who is doing postdoctoral studies in history.

I would conclude that we need specialized academic disciplines and these disciplines should continue improving on the techniques to expose ideas in this field to wider audience.

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Adolf Hitler - an Overview

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Adolf Hitler - an Overview

ADOLF HITLER 1. THE BEGINNING At half past six on the evening of April 0th, 188 a child was born in the small town of Branau, Austria. The name of the child was Adolf Hitler. He was the son a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third wife Klara. As a young boy Adolf attendated church regulary and sang in the local choir. One day he carved a symbol into the bench which resembled the Swastika he later used as the symbol of the Nazi party. He was a pretty good student. He received good marks in most of his classes. However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school. From childhood one it was his dream to become an artist or architect. He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show but he never showed any originality or creative imagination. To fullfil his dream he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academy of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried to get admission and in the next year, 107 he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise he failed again. In fact the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance, and gave him a really hard time and said to him You will never be painter. The rejection really crushed him as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture as he had no high-school diploma. During the next 5 years of his live the young man never forgot the rejection he received in the deans office that day. Many Historians like to speculate what would have happened IF.... perhaps the small town boy would have had a bit more talent....or IF the Dean had been a little less critical, the world might have been spared the nightmare into which this boy was eventually to plunge it. . WORLD WAR I While living in Vienna Hitler he made his living by drawing small pictures of famous landmarks which he sold as post cards. But he was always poor. He was also a regular reader of a small paper which claimed that the Araban race was superior to all and was destined to rule the world. The paper blamed Communists and Jews for all their problems and hitler agreed to those views. Hitler agree with most of the points made in the publication. He continued to live a poor live in Vienna and in 11 decided to move to Munich. Still living in Vienna and being Austrain by birth, Hitler showed more loyalty to the Geramny. He thought that the Aryan race was destined to rule the world. Many believe that he tried to escape the draft but it was never proven. His live in Munich was not much better then before and he continued to be poor. Then in 114 World War I broke out and Hitler saw this as a great opportunity to show his loyalty to the fatherland by volunteering for the Imperial army. He did not want to fight in the Austrian Army. Hitler was a good soldier. Many of political opponents claimed that he was a coward but records clearly show that he was not. He received to awards of bravery but never achieved a high Rank. In 118 Germany surrendered and Hitler was very upset about the loss. He believed that it was the Jews and the Communists who betrayed the fatherland and it was here that his disliking of the Jews most likely began. Germany after the war was in chaos. With no real Government to control the country, many groups tried to take control. One day a big communist group staged a big riot but another group of ex-soldiers including Hitler managed to hold them back. . THE NAZI PARTY Since there were not many chances for employment Hitler stayed in the army. Hitler was assigned the job of going go to various meetings of groups which sprang up like mushrooms and to report on them. One day September 1, 11 - a fateful day in history, Hitler was sent to investigate a small group which called itself the German Workers Party. Hitler was not to happy about his assignment. He thought it wouldnt be worth it to even go. At the group mainly talked about the Countries problem and how the Jews, communists and others where threatening the master race and offered their own solutions. Hitler was bored by the meeting but when a man stood up and claimed that Bavaria should separate from Germany, Hitler got up and argued that point. He argued that Germany and germans must unite into one to survive. His natural ability to speak imprest the leader of the group and at the end of the meeting he gave Hitler a pamphlet and an initiation the next meeting. He wasnt interested in attending but after reading the hand out he accepted. He later joined the German Workers Party and was in charge of Propaganda. The party was small at first but Hitlers great skill at deliberating speeches attracted more and more listeners and it soon became a major party with many followers. Eventually Adolf Hitler became its leader and the rest as they say....is history. 4. HITLER IN POWER While spending time in prison for trying to overthrow the government Adolf Hitler wrote his famous book Mein Kampf, in which he describes many problems and where he states that the Jews and communists were responsible for those problems. He also decided on the Final Solution to the Jewish Question. It was his goal to eliminate the Jewish race from the European continent. It is interesting to look and see how a small time boy from Austria with no education, money or political background could become within a few years the leader of big nation such as Germany. Historians believe that Hitler saw a great opportunity to get his views across to the German people who have lost all hope. Of course people did not start to support him right away. After he came into power, the Nazi party took control over every aspect of every day life. Hitler ordered the creation of a special police force to make sure that all opponents would be elimanted, the Gestapo. He also gave orders to set up a special force which would be used to transport and take care of all political prisioners and people thought to be inferior. The name of the force was the feared SS. Mass propaganda was used to persuade the German people that the Fuhrer would make the country strong and powerful again. They also used propaganda against the Jews and other minority groups which were considered enemies. Teachers had to belong to the Nazi party, and children were taught that Jews very the source of all their problems. Since the country was in chaos after the war, and was forced to pay billions in damages, The Germans saw hope in Adolf Hitler. In the late 0s the depression hit which made the situation even worse. Hitler in his speeches blamed the Jews and Communists for their misfortunes and many listed. Unemployment was very high at that time standing at about 5%. Hitler also spoke out against the unfairness of the Versailles treaty. Germany lost a lot of its territory. The Empire was no more. He believed the pure Araban race is destined to rule the world and wanted to build an Empire that would last a 1000 years. He preached that all Germans must unite in order for this goal to succeed. Hitler publicly stated his views on the Jews. But the Jews of Germany didnt see Hitler as a great threat at first. However when Hitler became chancellor and eventually took over totally they changed their mind. The first thing he did was to take the Jews their right to vote. Soon they were not allowed to marry with a pure german, they could not hold positions such as teachers, doctors lawyers,..and so on. Many Jews only then realized that he was serious and many fled Germany. Why did so many Germans follow Hitler? When he took power the economy was basically non existent. Many looked for answers and hope. Hitler was their answer. He promised to rebuild the Glorious Germany of the past. First he started to build up the Wehrmacht. Germany was not allowed to have more than 100,000 men, but Hitler broke the treaty and gave orders to increase that number. Factories started putting out weapons and people now had jobs. To the Germans this was a very good sign. Mass rallies were held, where Hitler continued to use his powers of speech on the German people. 5. THE ROAD TO WAR At first the allies did nothing about the fact that Hitler broke the Treaty. He gave speeches in which he indicated that the German people needed living space. Later he Marched into the Reihnland, and area which Germany lost. Next He moved into Austria, his home country and annexed it without a shoot being fired into the Reich. Following Austria, he wanted control of the Sudetenland, a part of Czechoslovakia which was mainly German speaking. He also achieved that goal. The allies didnt want another war so they led Hitler do what he wanted to, but when he Attacked Poland on September 1st, 1 the allies no longer stood by and watched. Britain and France declared war on Germany a few days after later, World War II began. 6. THE DARK SIDE After the Wehrmacht conquered and occupied a territory the SS quickly followed. They would round up Jews, Communists, Gypsies, Homosexuals and others which were viewed as Inferior according to Nazi racial theory and enemies of the German people and put on trains. They were all sent to Concentration camps, which were set up to implement the final solution. Camps such as Auschwitz, Treblinka, Bergen Belsen were all equipped with gas chambers to make the killing process quick and efectfull. In those camps 6 million Jews and many others were killed by the Nazis. Hitlers army seemed unstoppable but in the end, the allies managed to win many decisive battles. Eventually on Aril 0th, 145 Hitler committed suicide in his bunker by shooting himself in the mouth. His body was burned, but no ones knows what happened to the Fuhrers ashes. On May 7th, 145 Germany surrendered unconditionally. 7. THE MAN Hitler was one of the most, if not the most cruel man to ever walk the face of the earth. His believe of the superiorority of the Aryan race made him hate all others. He believed that the slaws to the east should be made work for the German people. He thought of blacks as being Sub-human. And Most of all he hated the Jews. So much that in early 145, when equipment and manpower was badly needed on the front Hitler insisited on man and equipment staying and continuing to tranport Jews to the camps. In his Testament he left his money to his family. And message to the Germany people Above all I charge the leaders of the nation and those under them to scrupulous observance of the laws of race and to merciless opposition to the universal poisoner of all peoples, international Jewry. The only people which would be spared where the Scandinavians to the north, since they were closely related to the German race. With Hitlers death the Nazi party quickly fated. But there is still a lot of tension in todays Germany.

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Computer programming

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Purpose and Goals

The software development phrase was the phase used to create the user interface of the systems. The purpose of this section was to create a database that is flexible and open-ended. Using the current forms and reports that the university currently uses, the database was constructed in a way that would be easily recognizable to the staff, as well as incorporating the more current features and reports used by the university today. The ultimate goal of this phase was to reduce the amount of time spent on filing and preparing forms and reports manually and have one system that will contain all this data that will allow ease of access for creating reports and printing out forms.

This phase lasted approximately seventy one days. It started on April 1, 00 and was completed on July 8, 00.

This stage of the software development phase depended on the interviews and meeting with the university staff. This information, such as gathering existing reports, interviewing the university staff and getting the necessary forms that were used to help create the data entry screens, was an important step towards creating a user-friendly database. It was important that the university's needs and expectations were identified in order to create software that will be tailored to their needs.

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Upon collecting that information, project work scope and other necessary documentations was prepared. (Jesudason, 00) This scope identified key areas that were performed. Some of these areas were

1. Preparation Phase

. Data entry Preparation Phase

. Report Data Entry Phase

4. Implementation Phase Create Included creating procedures, testing and debugging, and testing security features. This is the phase were the actual building of the data entry screens and report will take place. All the information that was gathered in the initial phase will be used to create the forms.

5. Completion Phase Preparation of Acceptance report, training manuals, and staff training on the use of the database.

The following chart shows the entire breakdown of the Software implementation Phase and the time it took between start and finish.

Insert big table here.

The database went through numerous testing and benchmarking. (Jesudason, 00)This was to ensure that the system was working properly and meet the quality assurance standards set by Team A. The site acceptance report which documents all that was done, any problems that will require further research, and any recommendations to the University has been created. This will be reviewed and sign by both parties.

Resources and Constraints

Any changes to the database software design will have to be done in writing, submitted to the CCM, and approved before it is implemented. This is to ensure that the integrity of the database is not change in any way. Team A has as a dedicated staff, ready and able to meet the needs of the university. The university has the necessary staff required to populate the database with the required information as needed. The database was initially populated with data that was collected from the University. Any information that could not be imported at that time will be entered manually by the university Staff.

The following resource sheet shows the manpower used during the software phase. It consisted of the following

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Love-crazy gatsby

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Love-Crazy Gatsby

Owen Klein 11th

The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a novel that is written about a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby, the few people he effects, and the aura surrounding him and his past. A chosen prose passage for explication, found on page one hundred seventeen in the novel, gives the reader insight into Gatsby's past and foreshadows his future. It portrays a love-struck Gatsby in his youth, and shows the great love he had for a boyhood fling, Daisy. This passion for Daisy turns into an obsession when he loses her to go to war. His love stays with him and leads him to her five years later, only to find her with another man. Still he pursues his greatest love, and encounters that what he has done is built her up to be the perfect woman, put her on a magnanimous pedestal, which guides Jay to disappointment.

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Literally, the passage is full the use of poetic terms and phrases such as metaphors and personification. "The quiet lights in the houses were humming into the darkness," creates a very peaceful mental image for the reader. Jay strives to, "gulp down the incomparable milk of wonder," which was a kiss from Daisy. "Then he kissed her. At his lips' touch she blossomed for him like a flower and the incarnation was complete." There are many uses tone and symbolism that are needed to create the feeling of love inside the reader, for these are the things that comprise a good novel.

Jay Gatsby's past is full of obscurities. The reader sees that James Gatz, later Jay Gatsby, was born of a slightly impoverished agricultural family. He absconded from them because he had a dream that he wanted to be something other than a farmer, someone who was noticed, wanted to make a difference. He left and changed his name to something more catchy, Jay Gatsby. Influenced later by a wealthy man on proper etiquette, Gatsby joins the military where he meets Daisy and falls in love. Time flies, and Jay is soon transferred to the battleground, where he is praised for valor in combat and promoted. Gatsby never relinquishes his feelings for Daisy, and decides to track Daisy after the war. In his proceedings, Gatsby involves himself in some illegal operations, such as bootlegging liquor during prohibition, and eventually becomes quite wealthy. He moves very close to the vicinity where Daisy resides with her family. When Jay finally meets Daisy five years later, he is surprised because she was not the woman he had been dreaming of, for his imagination had distorted what he thought of Daisy. He was somewhat disappointed, yet he bore all to be with her. Nick, Gatsby's friend and narrator of the novel says, "His life had been confused and disordered since then [he left for war], but if he could return to a certain starting place and go over it all slowly, he could find out what that thing [love] was…"

All that Jay Gatsby goes through to be close to his love is very valiant, yet without any influence from Daisy, Jay breaks his own heart.

Works Cited

1) The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Simon & Schuster, Cambridge, 15.

Love Crazy Gatsby

Owen Klein 11th

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Dead Man Walking

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After reading a good book the reader's view of life's and life's complications and obligations should be clearer, at least for a time. How was your reading clarified your understand of people, institution, life and its confusion?

I believe that after reading " Dead Man Walking" I have a much clearer view of life, its complications and its obligations. It also gave me a better understanding of people and institutions. I have realized that some people are willing to help others during hard times. It showed that people actually believe in the statement " Its better to give than receive".

This book offered useful information into the system of death penalties and the people behind it. Throughout the novel, Sister Prejean recounts her experience as a spiritual adviser to three men and shows the reader the process of it. As a new reader the book offers great insight and influence to the mind. It arouses to me new information of life behind bars and the procedures that placed them there.

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Appointed spiritual advisor, Sister Helen Prejean was offered the chance to become a pen pal to one of the death row in mates. Unlike the others, Prejean had no hesitation to the offer, " I say, sure. The invitation seems to fit with my work in St. Thomas…"(Prejean ). This was very unusual, the services of a nun are known to extend not only to the reachable people, but also to those who are not just an arms reach away. A nun's job is obvious, with or without the habit and though Sister Helen did not wear hers, did not make her less of a servant.

Patrick (Pat) Sonnier, the first death row inmate to get electrocuted under Sister Helen's advisory, is stepping up to question the inside of the death sentencing procedures. The family of the deceased is expected to be bitter and resentful. "Pat had presented himself in a different way to his friend. In each one of his letters he expresses gratitude and appreciation for my care… he makes no demands… he only says how glad he is to have someone to talk with."

Due to the nature of the crime that he is convicted for, Sonniers demeanor towards the events that night should be one of temperance and cool nature. Pat is on death row, as well as his brother, for murdering a teenage couple. Though never offering apologies to the victim's families, Pat showed remorse before his execution, " No words can bring those two kids back. I've been it in my mind a million times. If I could turn back the clock…"(Prejean 4).

Through the days leading to Pat's execution, she tried all she could for appeals and in the midst of her efforts presented facts about the reason why Pat is being sentenced to death. " The crucial race factor is that his victims were white. If Pat and Eddie had killed two black kids, chances are they would never have been sentenced to death"(Prejean48). The truth of the sentence policy adds harshness to the views and ideas of fairness among races. Other cases that harm black people. " Prosecutors, judges, and juries, most of them are white, are far more outraged when white people are murdered than when black people are"(Prejean 48).

This all showed me that the families of whites murdered at hands of dangerous people find no wrongs in countries unjust judicial service. The Bourques' and the LeBlancs' merely long for an apology and justice through death.

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The Internet - It's No Joke

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The Internet "It Is No Joke"

Introduction

Information systems and technologies have become a vital component of successful businesses and organizations. Companies have spent billions of dollars to stay at the forefront of technology enhancements in order to enhance growth and expansion of their businesses and new ventures. To support these technology changes a company may require the assistance of Specialists in Information Technology Management, Human Resources, purchase of new equipment, installation, training, system maintenance, and the list goes on.

The majority of businesses would be unable to survive successfully in the marketplace without utilizing a variety of interconnected computer networks in order to service their information processing and communication needs. With all these changes, companies have a growing concern regarding security of systems information, abuses both internal and external, lawsuits and losses. But what is the exposure? Are there existing law suits? What should we do to protect our companies and ourselves?

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The Investigation

It is important to understand and protect the systems implemented into our company.

Companies must take precautions to protect sensitive and confidential data from accidental or intentional leaks. They need to know how to limit legal liability and/or damage to the companies' reputation from inappropriate or offensive e-mails and web surfing. Well-written policies and procedures can boost employee productivity and reduce network congestion.

In order to determine what needs to be done, we should understand the exposure companies face relating to Technology Information Systems. For example, EMC Corporation lost valuable sales contact information when an employee accidentally sent it to the competition via e-mail (The Boston Globe); an Oracle insider caused their stock prices to tumble after spreading false rumors on a message board (CNNfn); and Dow Chemical fired 50 employees and disciplined 00 others for sending e-mails containing pornography and violent images (Associated Press). Employees who surf the web are costing organizations more than $1 billion per year in lost work time (CNNfn). The U.S. Department of Justice, Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) recognized concerns regarding the Internet and the growing body of law governing it, and have recently published a document advising police and prosecutors on "Searching and Seizing Computer and Obtaining Electronics Evidence in Criminal Investigations." The document includes framework applicable to the search and seizure of computer data and network traffic. In addition, it covers the Fourth Amendment's limitations on search and seizure, the Electronics Communications Privacy Act, the Wiretap Act, the Cable Subscriber Privacy Act, and the Privacy Protection Act. Additional documented lawsuits and cases related to Technology Communications are

· Cracking Concerns Over Cyber Crime Treaty (Galil, 001). The Council of Europe wants a treaty to harmonize laws against hacking, computer viruses, and other Internet crime, as well as to ensure common methods of securing electronic evidence.

· Employers and E-mail Where to Draw the Line (Galil, 001). With the increase in workplace technologies, both employers and employees are wrestling with the balance of e-mail privacy expectations and the need for secure, productive work habits. The new Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act went into effect in Great Britain. This new regulation permits employers to monitor staff phone calls, e-mails and Internet activity without consent, and demonstrates that e-mail issues have become a global technology problem.

· Smyth v. Pillsbury Company (Galil, 001). Smyth v Pillsbury is a case pertaining to e-mail privacy. A United States District Court in Pennsylvania ruled that the Pillsbury Company did not have to notify Mr. Smyth that his e-mails would be examined. The court reasoned that since it was Pillsbury's equipment, the company was entitled to examine its contents.

· New York Times (Gaili, 001). E-mail privacy issues have occurred at many well-known companies and employees are being fired over those little forwards that many of us send out each morning. On November 0, 1, the New York Times Co. fired employees who were accursed of contributing to a hostile work environment because they repeatedly traded unsavory batches of unsolicited personal e-mail messages that contained dirty jokes and nude pictures. The New York Times also reprimanded several more employees who had simply received the offensive e-mail and then deleted it. Those workers were punished for failing to alert management to the offending e-mail messages, a direct violation of company policy.

The Solution

Knowing there are so many varied issues and lawsuits specifically related to the misuse of company electronic communication systems including e-mail, Internet, phones, faxes, etc. intensifies the need for companies to have well-written, thorough policies and procedures. Prior to creating a plan, remember to use the right resources for input. Your Information Specialist certainly has direct knowledge of the areas of your systems that should be addressed. Your Human Resources team can help with their knowledge of policy writing. You may include others throughout your organization that might have knowledge of other systems, software's, and issues relating to your systems. Include the right people other considerations for implementing policies and procedures include

· The protection of sensitive and confidential data.

· A company's reputation can be at risk for inappropriate or offensive e-mails (internally and externally) and employee web surfing.

· To shield the employers from possible sexual harassment suits. As in most communications media, some of the pictures, video, sound and text on the Internet are sexually oriented. If such material is brought into the workplace, it carries with it the potential risk to the employer under federal or state prohibitions against sex discrimination.

There are many organizations, including Attorneys, who specialize in preparing policies and procedures for all sizes of companies. After reviewing several written company policies and recommendations from The Internet Manager-professionals for Internet Policy Management, we found the following elements of a written policy and procedure to be consistent

A written agreement (policy & procedure) should be created to include, but not limited to

· A description of permissible uses

· Specifically set out prohibited uses

· Rules of behavior

· Access privileges

· Privacy

· Archiving and Retention

· Penalties for violation of the policy, including security violators and vandalism of the system.

· Everyone who uses the system should be required to sign the policy, and know that it will be kept on file.

Conclusion

Business use of the Internet has experienced extraordinary growth in the past decade. It is now common-place for employees to have access to the Internet, and as the United States moves ever closer to an information work/service type of economy, even more workers will need this access to do their job effectively.

Employers are encouraged to tell employees that they may be monitored so there is no misunderstanding. Crafting a good, thorough policy in regard to e-mail, Internet use and all company owned properties is very important. At technology companies, where the lines between work and home are blurred, this is especially important. Microsoft, for example, has a policy promoting the reasonable and responsible personal use of corporate e-mail, but it owns any communications between employees.

Although people tend to be very casual about e-mail communications, e-mail messages may more closely resemble memos, rather than phone conversations, and so must be treated with a higher level of care than the average telephone call. Also, striking the delete key does not actually mean the message is deleted. It is still in the computer. Many employees misunderstand the dynamics of the systems they use. A greater understanding of both the technology uses and the policies and procedures, the employee is signing is imperative.

Upon full investigation of all the issues related to Technology Management, employers should take a serious look at the risk and exposure of not having well-written policies and procedures for all their Technology Systems. A company may choose to have one policy that encompasses all aspects of their systems, or may choose to have several policies specific to each area. Use your internal experts Information Specialists, Human Resources, and/or consultants to identify your specific needs. These policies and procedures may protect you from embarrassment, loss of business and goodwill, and lawsuits.

References

Miller, G.(001, January 8). Fired by Big Brother. Los

Angeles Times Magazine, 11-1, 5-6.

Galil, Y. (001, February 5). New Federal Guideline for

Searching and Seizing Computers from servers to PDAs. The Internet Law Journal. Retrieved March 5, 001 from the World Wide Web

http//www.tilj.com/content/litigationheadline005010.htm

Galil, Y. (001, February 5). Cracking Concerns Over Cyber

Crime Treaty. The Internet Law Journal. Retrieved March 5, 001 from the World Wide Web http//www.tilj.com/content/litigationheadline005010.htm.

Galil, Y. (001, February 5). The Napster Transformation.

The Internet Law Journal. Retrieved March 5, 001 from the World Wide Web

http//www.tilj.com/content/litigationheadline005010.htm.

Galil, Y. (001, February 5). Deep Linking Your Way into a

Lawsuit. The Internet Law Journal. Retrieved March 5, 001 from the World Wide Web http//www.tilj.com/content/litigationheadline005010.htm.

Galil, Y. (000, October 11). New International Treaty on

Cyber Crime. The Internet Law Journal. Retrieved March 5, 001 from the World Wide Web http//www.tilj.com/content/litigationheadline005010.htm.

Galil, Y. (000, February 5).Criminal Acts "Illegal

Access, Interception, Data and System Interference". The Internet Law Journal. Retrieved March 5, 001 from the World Wide Web http//www.tilj.com/content/litigationheadline005010.htm.

Please note that this sample paper on The Internet - It's No Joke is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Internet - It's No Joke, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Internet - It's No Joke will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The History of Epistolary

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Among the first epistle to be written were the letters of Paul to the New Testament churches. Women established themselves in the genre as men realized that the form was more suitable to the female writers style. However, due to the modest qualities of the women, little was ever published (Goldsmith vii). In the eighteenth-century, epistolary peaked in Europe. Among the popular epistolary novels of this time were Lacloss Les Liaisons Dangereueses(178), Richardsons Pamela(1740) and Clarissa(1747), and Rousseaus La Nouvelle Heloise(1761)(Norwich 148). Later in the same century, Forcey says the epistolary novel could not survive as a dominant form because, in the fast changing polygot world of . . . Anglo-America, it fell victim to the same forces of seduction and betrayal that its heroines were unable to avoid(5). In the 170s, fictional letters reentered the literary arena. Creative writers spawned this interest with Michel Butors Illustrations III(17) and Bod Randalls The Fan(177)(Altman ).

Epistolary Novels

An epistolary novel is one that is written in the form of a series of letters exchanged among the characters of the story with extract? from their journals sometimes included(Norwich 148). This genre exhibits the quality in which there are two separate audiences to the letter a character of the novel and the reader. The reader is required to become his own narrator since the plot is not being directly told by the author. The author can be compare to an editor since he has control of the epistolary composition. However, he must trust that the reader will understand the meaning and the purpose behind each correspondence(Forcey ).

Epistles from the New Testament

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When speaking of epistles, people frequently think of Paul, the apostle of Christ and writer of many of the books in the New Testament. His God-inspired letters were written to and concerning the churches and pastors(called the Pastoral Letters) of that time period. However, the meanings of the letters written in the first-century A.D are still alive in todays Christian church. The foundation, the primary establisher of meaning in the epistles, is the life Jesus recorded in the four gospels. Paul also used the ideas of logos and ethos in the letters. Since the Holy Bible is God-inspired there is absolutely nothing that is illogical within its covers. An example of syllogism can be seen in Romans 5-4.

And we rejoice in the hope of the Glory of God. Not only so, but we also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; perseverance, character; and character, hope.

The authors credibilty, ethos, must be established for a successful epistle. In his Corinthians, Paul must establish his ethos since the church does not believe his claims as one of the Twelve Apostles. He writes of his pain and suffering for cause of the Cross

[I have] been exposed to death time and time again. Five times I received from the Jews the forty lashes minus one. Three times I was beaten with rods, once I was stoned, three times I was shipwrecked, I spent a night and a day in the open sea.( Cor 11-5)

Paul continues writing of his suffering of spreading the gospel for the remainder of the epistle. Certainly a man who has suffered this persecution and has no doubts has seen the power of God.

Please note that this sample paper on The History of Epistolary is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The History of Epistolary, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The History of Epistolary will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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