Crucible

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The Crucible and "The Lottery" have some similarities and many differences. While The Crucible is a four - act play and "The Lottery" is about a four page short story, they have some things in common. While they both are based on a society in a small town, there are a number of differences between them. The similarities, differences, and examples of each will be compared and contrasted in the following paragraphs.

There are a number of differences between The Crucible and "The Lottery." One such difference is the overall mood of the town. In The Crucible there was mass hysteria throughout Salem because everyone could have been suspected of being a witch or a partner with the devil. In "The Lottery" everybody in the village was calm and tranquil because the lottery was a normal thing in their society that they had done every year of their lives. Another difference is the setting of the two stories. "The Lottery" had a bright, pretty, and sunny setting, with "the flowers blossoming profusely and the grasses richly green." The Crucible, however, had a dark and gloomy setting, with the livestock and crops dying and the people wearing dull clothes. Yet another big contrast between the two is the involvement of religion. While The Crucible was based on the Puritan religion and theocracy, "The Lottery" had no mention of religion in the story. These three are a few of the dissimilarities between these stories.

There are some likenesses amidst all of these differences. One similarity is the tradition that both the stories show. The Crucible shows the rich tradition in the Puritan church and society, and "The Lottery" is a yearly tradition that has been going on for very many years. Another likeness is in the uncertainty of the citizens of who will be prosecuted or killed next.

"The Lottery" was just a random act that nobody knew who would ultimately die, as in The Crucible so many people have been prosecuted that everyone is a suspect and nobody is sure that they themselves would not be prosecuted. These stories both have a very public place where people are killed or hanged. The suspected witches in The Crucible were hanged in front of the townspeople in the middle of the town, and the "winner" of the lottery was stoned to death by his fellow townspeople. These are a few similarities within these stories.

There are some more differences between the two tales, such as the support of their neighbors. In The Crucible, mostly toward the end, the citizens began to unite and support the people being hung. However, in "The Lottery," there was no support for the damned person, for their neighbors were the ones doing the killing. Also, in "The Lottery" the person who died did not die for a reason or with respect. The people who died in The Crucible died for their pride and would not confess to something that they did not do and therefore died with respect. Finally, one last difference is in the driving force of each. The lottery's driving force was the tradition that there was always a lottery and people took it for granted as a usual day. The Crucible was driven by the abuse of power of the judges and the girls.

As you can see, these two stories can be both similar and dissimilar in many different ways. The short length of "The Lottery" did not make it hard to find some similarities with The Crucible, although differences between the two were more abundant. In conclusion, each story has things in common with each other, while at the same time having several diverse ideas.

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Slavery

If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on slavery. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality slavery paper right on time.

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Smith and Bradford Study Questions

Smith

1. Smith is addressing his words towards the colonists whose means are to get a fortune in New England.

. One attraction that appeals to virtue, faith, and honor in New England is discovering new things.

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. Three means of earning a living in New England are fishing, farming, and hunting. Five trades that are needed in New England are commanding power, building material, defenses, enough provisions, and more builders and people to protect.

4. Smith is trying not to persuade families to break apart such as children from their parents, men from their wives, and servants from their masters. According to Smith, the people that should go are young married couples, or fourteen-year-old fatherless children.

5. King, country, master and servant will all benefit from the establishment of New England.

6. The general impression that Smith gives of New England is one of free land and good money. He gives a good impression of New England.

7. Smith hardly describes the drawbacks of settling in New England because he wants people to settle there.

8. Smith wrote this piece not only as a description of New England, but also to show how England would benefit from New England. He states specifically in paragraph five that everyone will benefit from this growth.

Bradford

1. The Pilgrim's first action upon landing in the New World was to thank God for bringing them across the vast ocean.

. Four specific hardships that the Pilgrims faced were the lack of shelter, the Native Americans, the harsh winter conditions, and starvation. The Spirit of God and His grace sustained the Pilgrims.

. When the "calamity" hit, the sailors helped out the sick men. The calamity was disease. As the calamity began to spread, the Pilgrims still onboard drank beer jollily; however, some of the pilgrims did show mercy.

4. According to Bradford, the Indians first came rarely, and would never show their faces. They would run away if anyone approached and would steal the Pilgrims' tools. After "friendly entertainment and some gifts," they made a peace treaty. Samoset and Squanto brought them back their tools, and showed them how to plant corn, fish, and use other commodities.

5. A few dominant characteristics of the Mayflower during their first months of hardship are want of shelter, starvation, scurvy, and many deaths.

6. Bradford creates a picture that the Pilgrims were God's "chosen people" by writing excerpts from the bible telling how they are similar to the arrival of the Pilgrims in the New World.

7. At first, Bradford assumed that the Indians wanted to shoot the Pilgrims with their bows and arrows. But, after the "Compact with the Indians," Bradford sees the Indians as good people who know much about the wilderness. The way the Indians are civilized in a way seems to have changed his opinion on them.

8. Some qualities that I think would be required to survive in the American wilderness are endurance, being able to use resources well, and good camping instincts. Some attributes from Europe that would have to be abandoned are living in pre-built houses, living elaborately and ornately, and laziness.

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Transcendentalism: a Religion or a Philosophy?

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American transcendentalism was an important movement in philosophy and literature that flourished during the early to middle years of the nineteenth century (about 186-1860). It began as a reform movement in the Unitarian church, extending the views of William Ellery Channing on an indwelling God and the significance of intuitive thought. It was based on a monism holding to the unity of the world and God, and the immanence of God in the world (Oxford Companion to American Literature 770). For the transcendentalists, the soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the world and contains what the world contains.

Transcendentalists rejected Lockean empiricism, unlike the Unitarians they wanted to rejuvenate the mystical aspects of New England Calvinism (although none of its dogma) and to go back to Jonathan Edwards divine and supernatural light, imparted immediately to the soul by the spirit of God.

Key statements of its doctrine include Emersons essays, especially Nature (186), The American Scholar (187), The Divinity School Address (188), The Transcendentalist (184), and Self-Reliance, and Thoreaus Walden (1854). Others involved in the Transcendental Club and its magazine The Dial included Margaret Fuller, editor of The Dial (1840-4), Amos Bronson Alcott, and William Ellery Channing.

New England Transcendentalism was the product of foreign influences and native American Puritan tradition. It is strongly influenced by idealistic philosophy of Germany and France. The idealistic concept of Schelling and Fichte as well as of Kant¡¯s Critique of Pure Reason find their expression in transcendentalism. French eclectism, especially that of Cousin, Collard, Gerando and Jouffroy, also proved to be an effective means for the transmission of Kantian and Platonic doctrine to America. Accidentally, nearly all the champions of New England Transcendentalism were religious by training or temperament. What Emerson and his fellow Transcendentalisms endeavored to do was in fact to reassert the religious idealism of their Puritan tradition and rephrase their thoughts in forms and terms they borrowed from sources like German Idealism. We also notice that the Transcendentalist¡¯s emphasis on the individual was directly traceable to the Puritan principle of self-culture and self-improvement.

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In short, Transcendentalism can be understood as a philosophical treatment or a transformation of the Christian Belief. The essence of Transcendentalism is still the strong belief in God as the supreme power and controller of the universe, although transcendentalists sometimes called it Oversoul. Transcendentalism is also a philosophy although it is not so systematical as that of Kant or Marx. It is more like the philosophy of the ancient philosophers like Confucius or Plato, setting some unsystematic principles by their own conscience, intuition or reasoning and then follow those principles with a religious zest.

The most ardent follower of his own principle of all the Transcendentalists is Henry David Thoreau (1817-186). In 1845 he went to built a cabin on a piece of Emerson¡¯s property on Walden Pond, and moved in on July 4 to live there in a very simple manner for a little over two years. The idea was to move away from the rush and bustle of American social life which was to him getting more and more sadly materialistic-oriented. There on the pond he tried to be self-sufficient in everything, spending, as he told us, about six weeks a year, planting beans and other crops, and working to eke out a scanty yet decent livelihood, but writing and enjoying nature most of the time for the rest of the year. He wrote a book called Walden to account his experience and reflections when he lived by the Walden Pond. What he wants to show to his contemporaries is that one can choose to live a better life than what the commercial society offers.

Thoreau¡¯s masterpiece, Walden, is a great Transcendentalist work. As a young man Thoreau took a more than usual interest in the natural world. Like Emerson, he saw nature as a genuine restorative, healthy influence on man¡¯s spiritual well-being, and regarded it as a symbol of spirit. He tried to seek a way to unlock the secrets of the spirit. ¡°Let us not underrate the value of a fact it will one day flower into a truth,¡± he thus wrote. To him, ¡°we are able to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of reality that surrounds us.¡± Thoreau thought in images. It was his firm belief that ¡°natural objects and phenomena are the original symbols or types which express our thoughts and feelings.¡± Thoreau was never tired of staying alone in nature; he was ever seen lost in contemplation of the world around. Indeed, Walden is a faithful record of his reflections when he was in solitary communion with nature, an eloquent indication that he not only embraced Emerson¡¯s Transcendentalist philosophy but went even further to illustrate the pantheistical quality of nature. He can sit by a woodchuck for half an hour, talking to it. To him moose and pinetrees are as immortal as he is, and ¡°perchance will go to as high as heaven, there to tower above me still.¡± What he is trying to say is in fact this, that it is possible to find godhead in the nearby wood. Thoreau¡¯s idea came very close to being heathenish and nature-worship.

Thoreau set out some principles that can be called philosophy of life, can then regarded those principles as divine doctrines and followed them with a religious zest.

It is self-evident that, without the introduction of European philosophies into New England and their influence on Christianity, Transcendentalism could never been born. However, the religious side of Transcendentalism is much more deep-rooted and essential than the philosophical side of it. The chief champion of Transcendentalism, R. W. Emerson, was never tired of exploring the universe with the essential ideas of Christianity, though in other terms than what is in the Bible. His chief work, Nature, is in fact an elaboration of his own understanding of the Bible. In this book he gave many other names to God, such as Oversoul, Universal Being, Grand mind, etc. He also emphasized the omnipresence and omnipotence of God (though often called by other names like Oversoul). ¡°Philosophically considered,¡± he states in his Nature, ¡°the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul,¡± He made many famous statements on this point ¡°Each mind lives in the Grand Mind, ¡±There is one mind common to all individual men,¡± and ¡°Man is conscious of a universal soul within or behind his individual life.¡±

In his Divinity School Address, he attributed social ethics and morality to an teleological end¨C¨C¨Cthe mind, which is another name for God.

These facts have always suggested to man the sublime creed, that the world is not the product of manifold power, but of one will, of one mind; and that one mind is everywhere active, in each ray of the star, in each wavelet of the pool; and whatever opposes that will, is everywhere balked and baffled, because things are made so, and not otherwise. Good is positive. Evil is merely privative, not absolute it is like cold, which is the privation of heat. All evil is so much death or nonentity. Benevolence is absolute and real. So much benevolence as a man hath, so much life hath he. For all things proceed out of this same spirit, which is differently named love, justice, temperance, in its different applications, just as the ocean receives different names on the several shores which it washes. All things proceed out of the same spirit, and all things conspire with it. Whilst a man seeks good ends, he is strong by the whole strength of nature. In so far as he roves from these ends, he bereaves himself of power, of auxiliaries; his being shrinks out of all remote channels, he becomes less and less, a mote, a point, until absolute badness is absolute death.

In the above passage it is shown that Transcendentalism has a much stronger emphasis on the omnipresent influence of God on the world than what Deism understood. Although Transcendentalists treat the Bible with philosophical, speculative, rational, logical, enlightened, and reasonable mind, they never lost their sincerity and ardency in their belief in God. Thoreau even lived for two years in the solitude of Walden Pond like Jesus Christ before beging his teaching. Emerson once experienced a moment of ¡°ecstasy¡± which he records thus in this Nature

Standing on the bare ground, ¨C¨C¨Cmy head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinite space, ¨C¨C¨Call mean egoism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.

Religion is a belief in some occult teachings that are capable of many interpretations and the believers simply hold that those teachings are truth or manifestation of truth. Sometimes this belief can be blind misused by some rulers for gains in wealth or power, as in the case of the bloody Crusade. Philosophy is the pursuit and elaboration of truth or what the philosophers understand to be truth. Philosophy is based on science and intellectual speculation, but there are limitations in the scientific discoveries in any time of the past human history and there is also much limit to the human intellect. Religion is based on the supernatural and supermental, which is sometimes misunderstood, misinterpreted or intentionally misused by the intellectual mind, and therefore often become dangerous. When these two are successfully combined, human mind is better equipped. Belief give the pursuit of truth an access to the unknown, and reason gives belief a safeguard against mania. Transcendentalism is a revolutionary attempt to combine those two identities, and it has become both a religion and philosophy. It lacks neither the essence of Christianity nor the principles of rationality and logical speculation. Most valuable of all, the Transcendentalists are neither enslaved by the dogmatic teachings in the Holly book, nor limited by the scientific discoveries in their time. They are always revolutionary in spirit and they never cease in their pursuit of truth and their work toward the perfection of humanity.

Bibliography

Emerson, R. W. Nature, New York E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc. 161.

Emerson, R. W. Divinity School Address, Princeton, N. J. Princeton Univ. Press, 157.

Thoreau, H. D., Walden, New York Dell, 160.

Greenberg, W., The Emergence of Transcendentalism, New York Grosset and Dunlap, 165.

Bibliography

Emerson, R. W. Nature, New York E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc. 161.

Emerson, R. W. Divinity School Address, Princeton, N. J. Princeton Univ. Press, 157.

Thoreau, H. D., Walden, New York Dell, 160.

Greenberg, W., The Emergence of Transcendentalism, New York Grosset and Dunlap, 165.

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Letter To Curley

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To Curley.

Curley, I'm writing this letter cause for a long time I've been wanting to tell ya somethin'. When we married I knew from the firs' day that you weren't any good for me, from the firs' day of our marriage I disliked you. An' you know why, cause you're nothin' then jus' a dirty ranch man, who can think on'y bout fighting and goin to have a shot offa corn in'a closest bar. Ya'r nothin' better than other ranch workers, who get them 50 bucks at the end offa month an' go to spend alla of 'em in'a brothel or for'a whiskey to get God damn drunk. I cn't see any litt' difference between you and them, an' there's no difference.

Every week ya go to a bar an' come back God damn drunk at late night. How do you think I feel then bout you? But ever'thing has a limit. You know, if not my ol' lady I'd have gone to Hollywood an' prolly I coulda find that man who promised me to take me in movie. Yes he sa' that I'm natural, and if not my ol' lady then I'd never be livin' with ya in this God damn place, I coulda been in the movies, an' had nice clothes all of them nice clothes like they wear. An' I coulda set in them big hotels, an' had pitchers took me. But whatta I got I've gotta husban', a swell guy. An' alla time I have to listen how he'd "use the ol' one-two to make him go down". And all I can do is jus' to set in your God damn ranch an' talk to a bunch of bindle stiffs. I'm dying from loneliness, Curley. An' plus, when ya come home you starta talk about fighting again, you're almost like fighting cock to me.

You never care bout me, about how I felt and never try to make me feel better. Instead ya do opposite ya tell me to set in your God damn two-by-four house, an' do nothin'. But do you think that I like to stick in it alla time?.. But, Jesus Christ, if you see me outside you get so damn angry as somebody stole somethin' from you, an' alla your anger you put on me. For what? What have I done to you?.. You're worse than an animal.

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An' what about yer han', stuck in'a machine, ah? Yeah, baloney! You're a pathetic loser. Finally you've been shown that you ain't the strongest. An' I'm so thankful to that fella Lennie for doing it to ya. But why didn' you use yer "ol' one two", not tough enough. An' why didn' you ever fought with someone like Slim? What, was there no reason to, but you're wrong there was an' you knew it. You knew that there was somep'in between 'im an' me, but you was too scared to admit it, you was too scared to say a single word against Slim. It makes you such a loser, Curley.

Aw God! I'm so fed up with you, Curley, if you could on'y understand how much. But I guess that I shouldn't worry any more, cause I leave you, yes Curley I leave you. I'm gonna go to make my own life. I'll prolly go to Hollywood and find the man. Course you'll think that I'm outa my mind, but I ain't. I ain't gonna waste the rest of my life in your God damn ranch, rot there yourself! I wish you to rot in your damn place. Go on, go to brothel, drink, have a game of euchre, but I'm gonna be far away from you. Have a nice life!

Your former wife.

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My Current Career

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Lately I have been filling out a lot of applications and trying to update my resume so I can return to the work force after having my two children. With that in mind, I have always put down when asked that I am unemployed. The truth is, I am employed. I have a career that has constant deadlines, many times limited resources, involves management, finances, psychology, medicine, political, catering, janitorial, and so many more other fields I cannot think of most of the time. I am a mother.

Now granted, I do not get paid in a traditional sense of the word. Right now, my paychecks come in the form of things like a wide drooly grin from my son, a stuffed bear being thrust at me while my daughter climbs into my lap, and the few hours I have of quiet time to study for classes. I get no vacations, no benefits, and no sick days. I have two bosses who somehow manage to micromanage everything in the house, including myself. They are not very good at communication, do not know yet how to work as a team, often start me on projects that they then abandon, and generally make it so the 'office politics' revolve solely around them. There are no meetings to discuss goals but I am expected to help them achieve what they want to accomplished and there is never an opportunity for that goal to be long term. At times, my two bosses have different agendas that I must conform to at the same time.

As a mother, I must have many skills that any corporation must have. First, I am Human Resources. All labor is taken care of by me or delegated by me to someone else if it is needed. Often, my bosses would rather I keep our little labor problems 'in house.' Second, I am the Accounting Department. I am responsible for maintaining all of the assets and seeing to the purchase of new ones when needed and the upkeep of the current ones. Third, I am the Purchasing Department. I must go out, when my bosses allow me to in between their workloads for me, and make sure that all of the needed resources are available. Fourth, I am Food Services and the Lunch Room. It is my job to make sure that there are food items on hand for all employees and certain things that my bosses like. I am the Waste and Risk Management Departments as well as the Accident Prevention Department. I must make sure that there are no unsafe conditions and see to the accident reports when they come in. Lastly, I must handle the Continuing Education and Benefits. I am constantly working on innovative ways to help my bosses learn new things and to more effectively manage where I am able to do so, though always under the constant supervision of my Executives. I must also see to it that when my bosses have put in a full day of their hard work as Executives, they are compensated and taken care of until the next work day. My job requires me to take my work home with me and to be on call at all times. The only benchmarks I have are those that others who are not even part of my corporation have put forth and it does not seem to matter if I have met or exceeded them.

Does my career now sound difficult? Maybe, although I do not look at it that way. I am somewhere that the work I do matters because the success or failure of what I do has a direct impact on the 'company.' I may not be employed in the most conventional of senses but I definitely have a career right now that is just as demanding as those of my peers.

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Title Brown-Forman Case Study

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The paper has been broken into various sections. The following section of the paper examines the introduction of the company.

Corporate History In the year 1870, George Garvin Brown saw a need to form a quality whiskey that met medicinal standards. In the beginning, with $5,500 of saved and borrowed money he began J.T.S Brown and Bro. Initially, their flagship brand Old Forrester Kentucky Bourbon whiskey was sold in sealed glass bottles to assure its quality. Brown's friend George Forman joined the company and hence led to the name being changed to Brown-Forman.

The company Brown-Forman was incorporated in 101. In the year 104, Owsley Brown, George Garvin Brown's son took a very important decision, to come into the business, thus beginning a tradition of family apprenticeship which continues today as well.

The year 156 was another important year in the history of Brown-Forman as they made one of their most famous acquisitions. They purchased Jack Daniel's distillery in Lynchburg, Tennessee. Since then it has become one of the most popular whiskeys in the world, and led to the company producing a net sales figure of more than $100m for the first time in 160.

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Since 160, Brown-Forman has been littered with new acquisitions. These include companies such as Korbel California champagnes in 165 to Moray Speyside Malt Whiskey in 17. Other major acquisitions during this time include, 'The Grand Old Drink Of The South', Southern Comfort in 17 and Lenox Inc. in 18.

Major Milestones With the help of Brown-Forman Beverages Worldwide, Brown-Forman produces and markets many of the most well-known and best-loved wines and spirits in the world. These include Jack Daniel's, Canadian Mist, Southern Comfort, Early Times, Korbel champagnes, Fetzer wines, and Bolla wines.

Through Lenox, Incorporated, Brown-Forman manufactures and markets the china, crystal, collectibles, and giftware of Lenox; the contemporary tabletop and giftware designs of Dansk; the silver, crystal, china, and giftware of Gorham; the silver and pewter products of Kirk Stieff; and the luggage and leather goods of Hartmann.

The company is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. Owsley Brown II is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the company and William M. Street is the President of Brown-Forman Corporation.

The following section of the paper examines the background of the company.

Products and services Brown-Forman Corporation manufactures, bottles, imports, exports and markets alcoholic beverage brands and also manufactures and markets new and used oak barrels. The Company also runs a consumer durables business, which consists of a portfolio of premium consumer brands. Brown-Forman sells fine China dinnerware, crystal stemware and giftware, stainless steel flatware and silver-plated and metal giftware under the Lenox and Gorham brands.

Distribution At present Brown-Forman do not own any major distribution companies. Therefore it relies on its competitors to distribute its products in different markets. For instance, United Distillers and Vintners distribute 'Jack Daniel's' and 'Southern Comfort' in the U.K., while Bacardb Wedistributes Brown-Forman's spirits products in most of continental Europe. However, the current European economy is in a state of flux, with the recent creation of the European Union and the consequent elimination of trading barriers along with the adoption of the Single European Currency, which will be put in motion in the near future. These changes will greatly affect Brown-Forman's business in Europe and will revolutionise distribution of spirits and wine in Europe, which is presently constructed on a country by country basis, by encouraging cross-border sales. Brown-Forman is not an owner of a European distribution company; therefore if reform is not undertaken in the near future, their retail sales prices will come under pressure due to increased cross-border competition.

Employees The Company employs 6,700 people in the U.S. and abroad. The compensation / benefits of their top leadership are as follows

Names and Position Pay

Owsley Brown, II, 60

Chairman and CEO $ .10M

William Street, 64

Pres, Director $ 1.58M

Phoebe Wood, 50

CFO, Exec. VP $ 805.00K

Stanley Krangel, 5

Pres of Lenox, Incorporated $ 85.00K

Michael Crutcher, 5

Sr. VP, Gen. Counsel and Sec. $ 847.00K

Financial-Sales Brown-Forman Corporation reported earnings per share for the year ended April 0, 00 of $.6, up % over last year. Fiscal 00 revenues and gross profit for the Beverage segment were up 11% and 6%, respectively. Gross profit growth was driven by solid results for Jack Daniels and Southern Comfort, a more profitable distribution arrangement for the companys spirits brands in the United Kingdom, and favorable foreign exchange trends. The growth in spirits was partially offset by significantly lower profits for the companys wine brands.

Profits for the companys wine brands were down sharply from fiscal 00. A global oversupply of grapes led to significant retail price competition, depressing industry profit margins. While consumer demand for Fetzer and Bolla were essentially unchanged from last year, profit margins for both brands dropped significantly.

Sales for Consumer Durables were down 4% during fiscal 00 and gross profit declined 1%. Gross margins improved during the year as a result of firmer pricing, improved product mix and manufacturing efficiencies resulting from the business improvement programs implemented in fiscal 00. Operating income for the segment increased from $17 million to $0 million, although the increase largely reflects an absence of business improvement costs related to the closing of three manufacturing plants in fiscal 00.

Underlying trends in the fine china, tableware and luggage markets have not improved over a depressed period a year ago. Department stores and retail outlet centers, representing two of the primary channels of distribution for the Consumer Durables segment, remain weak. In addition, the direct-to-consumer channel, which includes direct mail, catalogs and the internet, has slowed over the past 1 months.

Stock Price

Last Trade 80.5

Trade Time Sep 15

Change UP 0.85 (1.07%)

Prev Close 7.50

Open 7.45

Bid N/A

Ask N/A

1y Target Est 7.0

Exchange NYSE, The stock price given on the table above is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

Date Open High Low Close Avg Vol Adj Close

Sep-0 78.4 81.40 78.50 80.5 18,780 80.5

-Aug-0 $ 0.8 Cash Dividend

Aug-0 77.75 7.50 76.50 7.04 ,5 7.04

Jul-0 78.50 8.5 77.41 77.0 16,56 77.5

5-Jun-0 $ 0.8 Cash Dividend

Jun-0 7.10 8.85 77.7 78.6 14,57 78.5

May-0 76.60 7.76 75.10 78.86 145,0 78.1

Apr-0 76.0 80.58 75.80 76.54 58,71 75.8

Mar-0 6.50 76.0 67.0 76.0 80,04 76.18

8-Feb-0 $ 0.8 Cash Dividend

Feb-0 70.00 71.75 68.7 6.55 504,88 68.0

Jan-0 65.50 66.87 60.5 6.14 111,068 61.

Historical Performance The historical prices shown below are from 1st Jan 00 to 16th Sep 00 on a monthly basis.

Type of company Public

P/E Ratio

Trailing P/E (ttm) 1.0

Forward P/E (1 yr) 17.5

ttm = Trailing Twelve Months (as of 1-Jul-0)

Management Team Owsley Brown II, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

William M. Street, President Brown-Forman Corporation

Phoebe A. Wood, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Lois Mateus, Sr. Vice President, Corporate Communications/Services

James S. Welch, Jr, Vice Chairman Brown-Forman Corp., Sr. Vice President, Exec. Dir. of Human Resources

Michael B. Crutcher, Vice Chairman Brown-Forman Corp., Sr. Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

William A. Blodgett, Jr, Vice President and Deputy General Counsel

Milton B. Gillis, Vice President, Director of Compensation and Employee Benefits

Meredith M. Parente, Vice President and Treasurer

Larry W. Perry, Vice President, Director of Tax

The following section of the paper examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the Company.

Strengths Brown-Forman's dark spirits and liqueurs are characterized by strong, well-established brands, commanding a high degree of loyalty among their consumers.

Scotch whisky enjoys a global reputation as a high-quality product, and the company exports a great deal of it to many overseas markets.

The Company keeps spending on new product development (NPD) at a high level and as a result they are able to keep their customers happy.

Their ability to cope in case of changes in general economic conditions, changes in consumer preferences etc.

Weaknesses The consumer base of many dark spirits (especially Scotch whisky and Cognac) is very mature; therefore these products of the company do not appear to be succeeding in attracting the drinkers of tomorrow.

Opportunities British drinkers appear to be receptive to newer, innovative products, especially in the form of sweeter drinks, or spirits mixed with other ingredients. Thereby, the Company can focus on producing similar products.

A growing number of affluent female consumers are entering the market, drinking more and increasingly regularly.

Threats The continued growth of other alcoholic drinks sectors, such as wine and white spirits, may cause the dark spirits market to decline even further.

It seems likely that cross-Channel smuggling will continue further weakening the position of major drinks manufacturers.

The following section concludes the paper with recommendations for improvement and case for investment.

In conclusion, the future for Brown-Forman remains positive and should continue along strong previous year's growth levels. The factors mentioned above such as cross-Channel smuggling should have no significant adverse affect on short-term future growth rates. While the creation of UDV has undoubtedly heightened the fierce competition in the marketplace, we feel that an established and mature company like Brown-Forman who is continuously re-investing in its workforce and products should maintain its foothold within the industry. As the company estimates per-share earnings for fiscal 004 would rise as much as 18 percent to $4.10 - $4.0. Hence, investing in a company like Brown-Forman can be termed as "worthwhile investment".

Finally, it must be stated that the company's distribution channels across Europe need reform, in the long run, when the full ramifications of European Integration will be felt.

1. Brown Forman, Annual Report, 00

. Quote.com, "Brown-Forman Earnings Grow % in Fiscal 00", May 0, 00.

. The Brown Forman Corporation Web Site at http//www.brown-forman.com

4. biz.yahoo.com, September 16, 00

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"Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use.

In this modern era with global competition in every field we see that there is a tendency toward specializing in ones education. A couple of decades earlier not many would have pursued post docs and now-a-days a post-doc degree seems to have become extremely common. Lot of universities have also realized the need of giving specialized education as a necessity to adapt to the ever changing needs of the modern day life. Recently due to the excessive interest and popularity of transacting on the Internet many schools came up with specialized "e-commerce" degree. Hence the first part of the statement given is apt in saying that the academic disciplines are becoming more and more specialized.

However, considering what the remaining part of the statement says, is it true that ideas of the scholars in these specialized disciplines reach only narrow audience? Is it necessary that all the people understand these ideas? Is it necessary that a idea should be widely understood in order to have greater use? Lets go ahead and dissect each of these questions to reach a consensus.

Lets consider the issue about the 'reach' for a scholar's idea. The target audience of the idea would depend on whether the scholar's idea is totally related to the field of his study or whether it is an idea which has general applications. With the communication mechanisms existing today (emails, internet, discussion groups etc) the scholar can easily make his ideas reach any target audience very easily. If he is lacking motivation or is tied up to do this, still most of the specialized disciplines interact with people from other disciplines on regular basis. For example - a Phd thesis has to be endorsed by people in that department as well as a person outside the department in most of the cases. Further the thesis has to be given to an audience which can consists of amalgamation of people from any other disciplines. All these built in mechanisms will keep a check to it that the idea reaches a wider audience. Hence it would not be too wise to think that scholars in specialized disciplines have a limited audience.

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Further there seems to be an increasing trend to fuse two closely related specialized disciplines in most of the institutions. Different departments of most institutions are co-ordinating among themselves to have a symbiotic effect. These techniques also keep a check on narrow focus/reach that might impede the possible effect of a great idea.

It is beyond doubt that specialization does not mean narrow audience, in this modern day life. To take a practical example - People all over the world are enjoying the benefits of the search engine google.com. No one would have to know about the cryptic details of the database search algorithms involved in creation of the application. The idea of a Phd scholar in a specialized field of data mining has reached in a practical form and is being used by a person who is doing postdoctoral studies in history.

I would conclude that we need specialized academic disciplines and these disciplines should continue improving on the techniques to expose ideas in this field to wider audience.

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