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Friday, December 25, 2020

Drosophila

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CONCLUSION


A Monohybrid cross is a cross between one trait in which one is dominant and recessive. The parents of the Drosophila melanogaster offspring were of the First Filial Generation, and were Heterozygous Dominant. In the cross, the red-eyed trait is dominant over the recessive sepia-eyed trait, and results in a 1 phenotypic ratio of red-eyed flies to sepia-eyed as shown in the Punnett square. This cross agrees with Mendel's Law of Dominance.


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A Dihybrid cross is a cross between two traits. The parents of the Drosophila melanogaster offspring were Heterozygous dominant. In the cross, red-eyes and normal wings are dominant over the sepia-eyes and vestigial wings, and results in a 1 ratio of red-eyes/normal wings to red-eyes/vestigial wings to sepia-eyes/normal wings to sepia-eyes/vestigial wings. The dihybrid cross agrees with Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment, where each allele of any one pair is free to combine with any allele from each of the remaining pairs during the formation of the gametes


Most chromosome pairs consist of homologous or identical partners. One pair of chromosomes, which noticeably differ from one another are called the sex chromosomes. They are called the sex chromosome because they determine the differences between males and females. Genes located on the sex chromosomes show different patterns of inheritance than genes located on other chromosomes. With Drosophila melanogaster, the red or white eye color is a sex-linked trait. The trait for eye color is carried on the X chromosome, and therefore the sex-linked cross violates Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment. The phenotypic ratio for a sex-linked cross is a 1111 ratio, where the amount of red and white-eyed flies is equal.


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Thursday, December 24, 2020

'Jesse Trevino' A true veteran artists

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A true Veteran Artists


The artist that I have chosen for this assignment is Jesse Treviño. He is a San Antonio based artists that is known for his photo-realistic paintings. He is also "internationally known for his realistic images of San Antonio landmarks and his family and friends from the Westside neighborhood" ( EyeonArt 1). What influenced me to write about Jesse Treviño was that he draws about what goes on around him. His life for example plays a big role in impacting how his paintings end up. When you view his paintings, it is easy to become aware of the facial expressions that he paints. The facial expressions seems to capture the struggles and glories of the people he is painting about. Even though, Mr. Treviño's paintings seem to follow the common Mexican struggles, in reality his paintings are showing the struggles of all types of people.


In order to understand or appreciate a painting we must first learn about the artist intentions in creating the artwork. The painting that I'm focusing on is Jesse Treviño's, 'Los Piscadores' which was drawn in 185. I chose this painting not only for its great artistic features but also because it captures so much emotion and life in this painting. The painting shows two persons in a big green field picking cotton. Before we get into the significance of the painting I would like to talk about the artist Jesse Treviño.


Jesse Treviño's life began in Monterey, Mexico in 146. By the early 150's his family migrated into the United States. San Antonio was the town that would exert influence upon Mr. Treviño paintings. At the young age of six Jesse won his first art contest. When he graduated from Fox Technical High School he "won a scholarship to attend the Art Students League in New York, where he studied under portrait artist William Duper" writes Salas Abel (1). But he only attended school for a short time as his life took a bad turn; as he had to decline a scholarship to study arts in Paris when he was drafted by Uncle Sam to fight in the Vietnam War. Instead of avoiding the Vietnam war and going back to his native country Mexico, he chose to fight in Vietnam. One reason he chose to go to war was because his brothers also had served in the military. Soon after entering the war he was gun downed in battle and was severely injured. Doctor's did there best but were unable to save his right artistic hand. Quoting from Treviño "I remember lying in the rice paddy bleeding and thinking I wouldn't be able to paint again because my [right] hand was gone" said Treviño (Brown ). Unfortunately, his long lived dream to be and artist appeared to have terminated.Rehabilitation wasn't easy for Mr. Treviño, as it took him two years just to recover from his injuries. His temptation to draw once again awakened his spirit, and "with the help and support of the staff of San Antonio College, Our lady of the Lake University, and the University of Texas in San Antonio, he learned to paint with his left hand" adds Treviño (1). Everyone may grow up with a dream, yet many are quick to change their minds once obstacles are placed in front of them. But, for Mr. Treviño there was nothing that was going to stop him from reaching his goal. Even if it proposed going back to school and learning how to draw with his left hand. Now he's a well established artist who has the Gods given ability to capture the pains and struggles in paintings. That's just what he happens to achieve in the painting 'Los Piscadores', he captures the exhausting facial expression of an old man picking cotton.


'Los Piscadores' seem to shed light on farm pickers who struggle just to survive. This painting shows the sorrow and painful nature of an old man working to stay alive. The drawing is trying to point out the behavior of how farm pickers usually live there entire lives picking and having little to show for. Pickers usually work ten to twelve hour shifts and get paid about fifty to a hundred dollars a month. Something like that makes you think by what means could someone live in happiness when they know that their entire life is going to be spent working. An average man sleeps a third of his live, leaving only sixteen hours to enjoy, when you have to work twelve hours you only have a few hours left before you go to sleep. When you think about it, what is left for a man/woman en route for life able to do? How would a picker feel when he realizes that he's not going anywhere anytime soon? In this case Mr. Treviño happens to capture the right look and attitude of a man who knows his career is only a survival one. That's the purpose of not seeing the old man smiling in this drawing.


In the other hand we have a young boy, with the biggest smile in life. The purpose of the young kid smiling is too show the difference between a young inexperienced kid and the old experienced man. The difference between the two are the smiling faces, for the older man there's no sign of happiness but for the kid everything is great at that young curiosity age. The young kid is happy to work in the big green fields, nothing seems better at that moment. But, what seems great in helping out in the fields, may not be good in the long run. A young kid doesn't know the hard work and physical capabilities you need to endure picking cotton in a day to day basis.


When you look at a painting its hard to think about how much time or what kind of work did it take to make this artwork. Doing this paper made me realize what kind of effort was put forth into this painting. Not only does 'Los Piscadores' seem much more appreciable but all of Mr. Treviño's paintings. When I researched the painting the main thing that caught my eye was that he drew this painting after he had loss his right arm. Not only was that amazing, but to learn how he had to start all over with his left hand was unbelievable. Making 'Los Piscadores' much more special to write about. Mr. Treviño does a great job in drawing the photo realistic painting of 'Los Piscadores', capturing all the facial details of the young boy and the old man. Leaving you to think of why is it that one is smiling and one is not so happy.


Works Cited Page


Brown, Chip. "San Antonio artists unveils -1/-story mural".


Oct. 17. 1 Dec.00. http//textnews.com/texas7/mural1007.html


EyeonArt. "Eye On Art". 1 December 00.


http//www.eyeconart.net/history/postmodern.htm


Treviño, Jesse. "More About The Artists". 1 December 00.


http//www.jessetrevino.com/aboutjesse/index.asp


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Wednesday, December 23, 2020

Language and Signs

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Language and Signs


Language has been, is now and will continue to be an important and essential thing in society. Language is the set of rules and norms by which we abide in order to communicate. Without it we would not be able to communicate, express ourselves, or even give or convey information. It is what sets us apart from the animals; it is the primary object of philosophy and humanities. Language consists not only of truths but lies, myths, and ideologies, which Ferdinand de Saussure and Roland Barthes both believe play important parts when it comes to explaining linguistic signs.


Saussure starts off talking about the label theory, which says that signs are just labels, attached to things. That language is just a list of words each identical to the thing that it names, just like a noun. Saussure opposes this saying that how would you explain pronouns and adjective and verbs which are also part of our language. He also says that this would mean that the ideas existed before the words did and then no one knows whether a name is expressed or psychological in nature. For example if you take the stop sign which is a red and white octagon. To people that drive in America they know this means you have to come to a complete standstill at the stop line. However if you come from a culture without roads or where they have another language this red and white octagon is going to mean nothing to you.


Saussure also believes that the structure of the linguistic sign can be split two different ways the first being into the signifier and signified. The signifier is the carrier or the manner of the concept. It is what the object actually is. The signified is the concept or a manner of understanding something. Take for instance a photograph. The signifier is the photo itself, for example a picture of your parents. The signified however is the form and content of the picture of your parents. The second form Saussure thinks the linguistic sign can be broken into is conventional and arbitrary. Conventional meaning the language is socially agreed upon by users and arbitrary meaning not necessary.


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Lastly Saussure believes that the mutability or changes of language are mostly brought upon by social, historical and cultural evolution. Therefore that is one of the reasons it is so important. With all these new changes we need to language to describe it. Without this language we would not be able to keep communicating with others and advancing in life.


Instead of breaking the structure of the linguistic sign into the conventional and arbitrary, Roland Barthes breaks it into the denotation and connotation. Denotation, which is the literal meaning and connotation, which is the added meaning. An example of this is an engagement ring. An engagement ring is literally a piece of jewelry with a diamond that is worn around the finger. However the connotation of an engagement ring is love and commitment.


One main difference between the writings of Saussure and Barthes is Barthes speaks a lot of ideologies and myths. An ideology is a set of assumed beliefs or ideas that have no been contrasted to assess their truth-value. A myth is an idea presented as truthful yet does not have fact to back it up. A myth is also a type of speech. Myths and ideologies are presented in the forms of ordinary signs that might be interpreted as truthful. They are not eternal because if they were they would be true. However myths are historically and socially constructed at a certain moment with certain intentions. This is how myths and ideologies differ from the truth because the truth is ideas that have been proven and contrasted with reality.


Myths take the literal appearance of a sign and use it to further a different meaning. Barthes shows this with the example of the black soldier saluting the French flag. The signifier of this is exactly what appears on the magazine cover a young black soldier saluting a French flag but the signified of this is to show that imperialism was good because even other races accepted and respected it. Mythical intentions easily manipulate signs, it is almost like promoting an idea through a sign.


Saussure and Barthes both have similar ideas when it comes to language. It is obvious that a word has to be agreed upon even if it is a private language. If it is not agreed upon by at least two people then it is not a language it is just noise. It is most obvious however after reading the essays by Saussure and Barthes that they feel language and signs are essential in society and almost impossible to live without.


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Monday, December 21, 2020

Hawaii

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Hawaii , just that word is enough to give you all the images that you need to fulfill your desires. But having only these thoughts will not give you the experience of the breathtaking views, shimmering waters, beautiful beaches, unforgettable nights and the recreational adventures. "It is a paradise not just for newly weds as many may think, but it's also for singles families, kids and elders as well"(Patel).


Many people do not know how Hawaii and its people came about on this island. "According to archeologists, the earliest settlers who sailed to Hawaii on their seaworthy double canoes are believed to have come from the Marquesas Islands of Eastern Polynesia. They arrived between 500 and 800 A.D." (Hawaiian's ). Hawaii was made from a water volcano that later became a beautiful island that many people go to see and have fun there. "The first Polynesians migrated from Southeast Asia as a seafaring people, who spread over an area of the globe larger than that covered by any other people until the 18th and 1th centuries, when Europeans began exploring various parts of the then known world"(Hawaiian's). Hawaii is not just a place for Hawaiian people; many people have come and going from Hawaii. I see Hawaii to be a place that is full of religious and cultural people. Many people do not know this, but Hawaii once had its own "monarchial system that was led by a queen"(Hawaiian's). This just shows that people who study the history of Hawaii should know that even women had the power to led a country in those times. Later as many years passed by, "Hawaii became part of America."(Hawaiian's). "American government went from Provisional to Republic, from republic to Territorial to Statehood in 15"(Hawaiian's). This quote here shows the Hawaiians become what they are today, "Engulfed in a new sea, the Hawaiian now set sail, on the merits of his rich Polynesian heritage and with new leaning, on a journey for the preservation of his life"(Hawaiian's). Hawaii is like a paradise, that when found, people know that it is different then any other place that they have seen. I see the Hawaiian Islands to be a place where every thing seems to be untouched and unspoiled by any human being.


The Hawaiian Islands have so many fun activities to do. The most important reason why people go to Hawaii is, because of its beautiful beaches, but that not it. They have horse-back riding, snorkeling, sailing, surfing and many other activities"( site # ). "The islands are like heaven, because they have everything a person needs to fulfill their dreams"(Patel). If I were to go to Hawaii I would start off by going on a Helicopter ride around the island just to capture its beauty and to have in mind all the things that there is it see and do in Hawaii. One of the most beautiful things Hawaii has is it water falls. "The Manoa Falls takes in beautiful views, colorful trees, flowers, and glimpses of native bird life"(book #). "Hawaii is full of volcanoes, hillsides, and water. Once you get back home you can share every moment of it with your friends and loved ones, after having your breath taken away. There are even tours that you can take on horses. The tour will take you on a "path that menders through lush jungle trail along the hillside; through streams and rivers; and on to ancient Hawaiian villages"(site # 1). To my this sounds like it is surrounded by beautiful seenore, and wonderful animals. "The trail ride begins on the valley floor and last about ½ hours"(site # ). This all seems fun, but when it comes to me, I would want to go snorkeling and surfing. To me snorkeling seem a lot of fun and excitement, and "the best time to go snorkeling or diving is early in the day and this activity is one of the most popular water sports activities on the big island"(site # ).Hawaii is one of the world most famous places for surfing. "Woody Brown is 88 and lives in Maui, Hawaii where he surfs every chance he gets and he has been doing this since the early 10's. If I know how to Surfing I would probably pick Hawaii has my first place to surf. Hawaii is probably know for its awesome beaches and crystal clear water too. There water is so clean that now they even have a submarine tour. "There is only one real submarine on the big island, Atlantis Submarine, and a lot of people love this activity because they can see it all without getting wet or messing up their hair"(site#1). Hawaii is also a fun place to relax and get a tan. I did not believe someone could really get dark in the sun until I saw my Cousin Imran when He came back from Hawaii with his wife. There is so much to do in Hawaii, but not a lot of time to get to it all. People have to know what they want to do and have to have it all booked ahead of time to get the best deals on everything. After having a great day you can relax on the "Polynesian Dinner Cruise which sets sail at 515 p.m. every day for a memorable evening of dining and Polynesian entertainment on Kona's original sunset dinner cruise"(site #1). The snorkeling, sailing, surfing and sight seeing all seems fun, but when the sun goes down the people come out to have some more fun.


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The night life in Hawaii is almost as wild as Cancun. "In Hawaii the night life begins at sunset, when all eyes turn westward to see how the day will end"(book #). People in Hawaii fortunate to have an environment that encourages the cultural ritual"(book #). People all around the world know about the holla dancing and the torch-lighting ceremony. "The night starts off earlier with a picnic basket and walk along the Oceanside path way for many people"(book #). I could live my whole life in Hawaii with my wife. Every night Hawaii always has something going on. "The Waikiki's beachfront bars also offer many possibilities, form the Royal Hawaiian Hotel Mai Tai Bar, a few feet from the sand"(booK#). It is my dream to one day set on the beaches of Hawaii and share a drink with my wife. There is this one place were; "Halokulani and it happens to make the best mai tai in the world and this place has the after dinner hours with light jazz played by local artists"(book#). Last but not lest the "Fiasco's is a place for local and visitors, alike to come to this restaurant and club for a quick meal and after work partying"(book#4). When I go to Hawaii I am definitely going to this place just because of what it has to offer. "If you want a little country kick, come Tuesdays for line dancing"(book#4). I believe that to some people it is fun, but I am one of the wild people and I like to have fun all day and night. I fell that Hawaii is different then even other place and it is made to show how wonderful one place could be.


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The Dead Poet Society: Summary and Character Analysis

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The Dead Poets Society takes place in 15, in the prestigious Welton Academy, a private boys school in Vermont. The boys that go there nicknamed it Hellton, because of the grim authority. It is a classic school, and looks very much like a castle. The school cheer, said in a grim voice, is "Tradition! Honor! Discipline! Excellence!", though the boys change it to "Travesty! Horror! Decadence! Excrement!". There are beautiful gardens and lawns. There are many patios decorated with flowers. There is a grand dinning hall, with many benches, which is where the boys meet for meals. There are dorms on the upper levels of the building, each shared by boys. It is beautiful, but not very inviting. The thing that appeals so much about this movie is that, though the scenery is simple, in its simplicity it is beautiful. The cramped library, a college student's house party, a large field, the houses in a wealthy neighborhood, all such regular sights, but they add so much to the movie, and the director did an excellent job of making sure that the movie was not overdone with rich details and distracting gaudiness.


In The Dead Poets Society, the main character, seventeen year old Neil Perry (played by Robert Sean Leonard) , is a very energetic person. He has dreams of leaving Welton, and becoming an actor. He attempts to do this by going to the neighboring school, and getting a part in their play, A Midsummer Nights Dream. He disregards his controlling father's demand for him to become a doctor, and against his father's will, he accepts the part, and does a splendid job of it. While his father begrudgingly allows him to act in the play, after it is finished, he withdraws Neil from Welton Academy, and plans to enroll him in military school the next morning. Neil feels the full force of the constriction that his father places on him, and finally cracks. That night, while his parents are asleep, he takes his father's gun and ends the irony and misery of his life in the study.


Neil Perry (Robert Sean Leonard), Todd Anderson (Ethan Hawke), Knox Overstreet (Josh Charles), Charlie Dalton (Gale Hansen), and Richard Cameron (Dylan Kussman) are all boys that go to Welton Academy, and all good friends. They led very controlled and calm lives, until a new teacher came to the school, Mr. John Keating (Robin Williams), an energetic young poetry professor. He inspires them all to think "outside the box", and teaches them how to think for themselves. His teaching customs are much abhorred by the school principal, but Keating pays no mind to the authoritarian school board. When the students try to find out Mr. Keating's past, the find that he was a member of the Dead Poets Society. The boys reincarnate the Society, and have a ball of a time, even though at the end of the movie they almost get caught.


Meanwhile, there is a small romance going on between Knox and a neighborhood girl, Kris, who is also attached to a burly football player. There is also Neil and his controlling father, and the family feud over whether Neil will act or not. Another part in the plot is Todd and his overpowering solemn shyness. The last plot that is mixed into this movie is the humorous class which Mr. Keating directs. The students are brought through various mental exercises to help them "find themselves". This movie has many different plots mixed together, which makes it very interesting.


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This movie, put together, shows us dangerous finding ourselves can be. The main - and obvious - example is when Neil decides that he has to be an actor, and refuses his fathers demand for him to become a doctor. He supports his beliefs in to the end, and when he finds that it is impossible to become an actor like he dreamed, he ends his misery by means of suicide. Another example, that is already completed by the time the story starts, is that the riotous Mr. Keating was once a subdued school boy. By acting on his nature of unchecked gaiety, he is fired and dispelled from the Academy. Also, Todd, quiet and shy at first, finds his voice in poetry. He is the happy ending in the story, for he comes out of his long-lived protective shell, and probably goes on to become a great poet.


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Friday, December 18, 2020

Feeding Habits of Hydra

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Abstract


Hydra is a multicellular organism which feeds on other small multicellular organisms. The main source of food for hydra is brine shrimp, but they can still consume other organisms for food. The goal of this experiment is to determine if the amount of light in the environment of hydra will affect the feeding behavior of the hydra. It was hypothesized that a direct positive relationship would exist between the amounts of light and the feeding of the hydra (the more light, the more hydra would feed). To control the amounts of light, separate petree dishes were wrapped in varying layers of violet saran wrap and groups of hydra with food were observed in each dish.


The different groups of hydra studied in environments with different amounts consumed equal amounts of food within the period of 0 minutes. The results of this experiment indicated that no relationship exists between the amounts of light in the environment and the feeding behavior of hydra. This is due to the fact that the different amounts of light did not affect the amount of food consumed. From this observation, one can conclude that hydra do not depend on light when it comes to feeding.


Introduction


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Hydra is a microscopic multicellular octopus-like organism which mainly feeds on brine shrimp (Muller-Parker, G., 18). The body of a hydra consists of three main parts, a gastrodermis layer on the inside of the body which contains digestive enzymes, a middle layer called the mesoglea, and an outer layer containing sensory, muscular, and stinging cells (Guild, N. and Bever, K., 00). These stinging cells are called nematocysts which are also on the tentacles and immobilize the hydra's prey. When small organisms brush against a tentacle one nematocyst can wrap around the prey while another can inject a toxin and immobilize the prey (Guild, N. and Bever, K., 00). In a previous experiment the interaction between hydra and daphnia (another microscopic multicellular organism) was observed (Guild, N. and Bever, K., 00). The hydra immediately attacked and consumed the daphnia with its tentacles. The size of the daphnia was equal to that of the hydra, making them easier to observe together. Due to this fact we decided to use daphnia as the food source in further observation of hydra's feeding behaviors.


The idea of varying the amount of light in the hydras environment to observe feeding habits came from an abstract article which was based on research. The authors used different layers of colored saran wrap to vary the amounts of light in the environment (Grosvenor, W., 18). This is the same technique used in this experiment to vary the amounts of light with 0, , 4, and 6 layers of violet saran wrap.


The purpose of this experiment is to determine if there is a relationship between the amount of light in an environment and the feeding behavior of hydra. The hypothesis is that as the amount of light increases, so will the amount of food consumed by hydra.


Materials and Methods


In order to perform this experiment we needed hydra, daphnia, petree dishes, colored saran wrap, and a microscope (Guild, N. and Bever, K., 00). The procedure we followed is as follows First, obtain four petree dishes. Wrap one with layers of colored saran wrap, a second with 4 layers, and a third with 6 layers. The fourth is a positive control with no restriction to the amount of light ( no saran wrap). Next, place 6 hydra and 1 daphnia in each dish with some water. Observe each dish for 0 minutes under a microscope and record the number of daphnia consumed in each dish within the 0 minutes.


Results


The four dishes with the varied amounts of light all showed similar results.


The hydra in the control dish without any saran wrap consumed the same amount of daphnia as the dish with layers and the dish with 6 layers. The dish with 4 layers only consumed 1 more hydra than the others, which was not a significant difference. The amount of time that it took for the first hydra to feed seemed to very at random.


As shown by the following graph, there is no noticeable relation between the amount of light and the number of daphnia consumed.


Discussion


The results indicate that there is no relationship between the amount of light in the environment and the feeding behavior in the hydra. Also, there is no relation to the amount of time it takes for the first hydra in a group to feed. It is very possible that the reason that the hydra do not depend on light to feed is because they do not use vision to consume their food. Instead they use the sense of touch. These results did not support the hypothesis of the experiment, as the amount of light increased, the number of daphnia consumed by the hydra did not increase. Although the hydra group in the dish with 4 layers of saran wrap did consume 1 more daphnia than the rest, this data seems insignificant.


Other similar experiments that test the same relationship between the amounts of light and the feeding behaviors, such as the one performed by Grosvner, W., also indicate that there is no relationship (Grosvenor, W., 18). This research adds to the credibility of the results of the current experiment due to the fact that the same theory was concluded, there is no relationship between the amount of light in an environment and the feeding behavior of hydra.


Although everything went right for the experiment, there seemed to be a problem. In relation to past experiments, the hydra did not seem as active and did not feed as quickly. Previous batches of hydra were stressed and did not feed, therefore it is possibly that the batch that was used could have also been partially stressed. This could have possibly effected the outcome of the experiment. Further testing of the relationship between hydra and amounts of light in the environment could be performed. For example, one could test a relationship between the budding of hydra and the amounts of light in the environment. When hydra bud they produce nitrogen in the surrounding atmosphere, this could be measured to observe the relationship (Muller-Parker, G., 18). Further investigations could be to study the effects of temperature or chemicals on the feeding habits of hydra.


References


Muller-Parker, G. (18) Biological Bulletin 17, 57-58.


Grosvner, W. (18) Biological Bulletin 17, 46-60.


Guild, N. and Bever, K. (00) From Molecules to Cells, a Laboratory Manual,


10-104.


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Wednesday, December 16, 2020

Gelato

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Gelato is an Italian-style ice cream. Having been a witness to the Italian's "fissato" for ice cream, its impossible to imagine the Italian summer (and in fact any seasonspring, fall and winter) without gelato, oral air-conditioning, the only food that Italians will eat on the street. You can spot a great, artisanal gelateria by the crowd of contented locals digging little, spatulate, plastic spoons into paper cups full of this lightly frozen treat.


If ice cream is a phenomenon in such country as Italymay it be summer, spring, winter or fall.


For a fact the Italians have the most "vain" culture in the world. They are concerned with their beauty and looks but at the same time they still patronize their ice cream culture. As a result, they have developed such technique of creating an ice cream which is less creamy, less fattening, all-natural or in other words an ice cream one can binge on without guilt.


It does not have as much air as it, like ice creams in the market today, and so has a denser texture. Gelato contains 0% air by volume, compared to 60% in most commoditized brands, and contains only 8% butterfat versus 1% in typical ice cream. Like in the Philippines summer heat is fierce in the south of Italy, and it makes sense (both digestive and hygienic) that the Italians developed a formula that is lean, thickening the milk with corn or wheat starch, not yolks.


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Moreover,there is no two gelateria or ice cream parlor that has the same flavor and tasteor the same recipe for that matter. This means that ice cream is not a commoditized food. Our ice cream will be primarily made in small batches giving attention to high quality ingredients which is the main problem in mass production and commoditized goods.


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