Ibm mission statement and vision statement

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Before we start any process of negotiation, there are a number of basic principles to remember

You are the one who uses the tools, so you must know how to use them best.

The other side also uses the same mechanisms, both as tools of information and from an intuitive point of view. Because of this you must learn the means which can be used by the opposing side.&

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Work in an automatic fashion. This will make it easier to act rationally and cope with your own emotional reactions.You will then be able to use the tactics required and react in the most advantageous way.

Commercial negotiations start from the moment you meet the other side. They are not limited by time boundaries within which it has been announced that the negotiations will now be officially done.

There are rules of negotiation, just as there are for a game of chess. There is no guarantee that the other side knows or follows the rules, but research studies have shown that they usually behave as expected. It is for this reason that we can relate to negotiation as a scientific process, not a creative one. Chess players practice regularly. If they do not practice, their skill decreases, especially when their level of expertise is high. You cannot let your negotiation skills rust; you must read articles and books and keep practicing.

Effective negotiations focus on producing a Win Win situation, the meaning of which is a situation in which both sides are pleased with the results. You must remember that in the process of negotiation, the goal is to win the majority of outlined conditions for long term mutual satisfaction and cooperation.

Before you start, check that you have not forgotten the following elements

1. a powerful desire to be one of the participants and partners in the action

. behaving with respect and humility in all discussions

. patience and composure

4. a real commitment to the organization of which you are a member

5. preparation, an in-depth understanding of the situation, and knowledge

6. prepared alternatives

7. clear strategies, tactics, and objectives

In your opinion, what are the most important reasons international business negotiations fail? Explain your reasoning for each one.

avoiding making the initial suggestion This causes the other side to make the first suggestion. When you need more information or when their suggestion is better than you expected, this could be an advantage. Listening to their stand does make it possible for you to think and react in a more suitable, informed way, and that too, can be an advantage. You will be able to make a suggestion which lies between the two extremes. However, not being willing to offer a suggestion can stall the entire process and lead to failure.

thinking that signing the agreement is the end of the process signing is the completion of the negotiation and the beginning of the next stage. Thinking that all that is needed is a signature, can lead to highly emotional crisies and irrational behaviors, even cancellation of the agreement.

losing your cool or withdrawing from the negotiations the negotiations can be postponed or fail either because they must replace you or because their emotional response is to stop the process.

misinterpretation or failure to accept and relate to the practices and attitudes of the other side cultural values, traditions and norms are different and all the diversities can make the process of negotiation difficult.

different goals objectives may be misunderstood, again, a cultural difference which can stop the process right at the beginning.

take it or leave it attitude this is a guaranteed recipe for failure. Negative attitudes, closed minds, and unwillingness to look for compromise all can bring failure.

When negotiations take a very long time, one of the following situations can occur

impasse lack of agreement on one issue. It is possible to continue the talks and avoid discussing the one issue which is the problem. This may or may not work.

stalemate this is a situation in which both sides continue to talk, but they do not advance toward any solution.

deadlock a deadlock is a situation in which no further advance is possible. This does not occur often, but when it does, the only possible way out is to bring in a facilitator or negotiator and to accept his final decisions.

In your opinion, what are the most important reasons international business

negotiations are successful? Explain your reasoning for each one.

all successful negotiations start by building trust Trust is based on reliable communications, honesty, and a feeling of shared goals.

friendly tactics Business negotiations are not conducted between organizations. They are conducted between people. Respect shown on both sides for both sides will achieve success.

presentation of data which shows interest The preparation of papers and graphs showing the advantages of your proposals, for example, comparing your ideas with the competition, are often more convincing than statements that are made vocally.

undermine their confidence Presenting the disadvantages of their proposal or referring to some deficiency on their side, as long as there is no personal attack, can improve the chance of success.

experience communication in the international business world is quicker and easier than it ever was. More and more business managers negotiate deals. The experience they gain helps them learn how to make the next negotiation successful.

awareness and better understanding of non-verbal communication Body language is often more important than the words which are spoken. Knowledge of non-verbal communication, both what you project and what is projected by the other side, improve the chance of success.

flexibility Adherence to plans and goals is important, but not so important that you cannot afford to be flexible. Being capable of lowering demands a little or compromising bring about success.

end the negotiations with friendly handshake successful negotiations beget more successful negotiations. Remembering to close in an amicable and cordial way will help maintain good relations.

In deciding to establish a strategic alliance or a start up subsidiary in a foreign country, what are the major factors a company should consider?

The recipe for the success of a new subsidiary abroad is to start at the right time and in the right way.

major factors

the potential market for the product. Is there a need or a demand?

the potential service providers for the equipment

the availability of qualified workers

in what geographic area the business will be situated. example - Does it have easy access? Are there other businesses in the area? Does the area attract new companies? Have there been failures in the area, and, if so, why?

population statistics (including annual income, age, number of children) in the area and population growth expected.

potential competition in the area; cost of the product/service they offer; advantages and disadvantages of their product/service

who will supply the materials needed by the business and how (if transportation is involved)

does the product/service have some competitive edge which will contribute to its success?

laws of the area

bank regulations of the area, ease or difficulty getting financial aid (loans/grants), and if large loans are needed, then the interest rates.

national problems which would interfere with production or provision of service

anticipated profits

anticipated expenses and if can survive from 1- years without showing a profit

anticipated initial funds demanded

need to advertise

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Basketball

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Throughout history dreams have been documented, studied, and interpreted by researchers, therapists, even the Bible, proving that despite doubts and disbelievers, dreams can reveal issues in relationships, causes of stress, a childhood trauma, etc; things helping people to heal mentally, who otherwise may not have. Looking back thousands of years people have been trying to explain them and what they represent. The ideas that have seemed to stick are the ones that deal with dreams as the subconscious, trying to tell your conscious something, rather than some of the earlier ideas that dreams are messages from God, or that they will tell you the future. For such philosophies to come about, it is necessary for dreams and all their details to be documented. While specific objects do not always represent the same thing, the idea of what is being dreamt can be very revealing.

The earliest records of dreams are the Assyrian and Babylonian dream books from Egypt, around 66 BC (Stevens, 14). During this time period, the primary interest in dreams was in warnings they were believed to provide about the future. For example, if one were to dream of drinking water, it meant long life, while drinking wine meant a short life (Stevens 15). There was an Egyptian god of dreams know as Serapis. He had numerous temples throughout Egypt that were worshiped regularly, just as other gods were. Dreams were not taken at all lightly. The first dream analysis to come from Egypt was Chester Beatty. His papyrus is now in the British Museum. It contains some 00 records of dreams. While Beatty supported some ideas of dreams telling bits of the future, he also used the same principles in interpreting dreams as Sigmund Freud did many years later the elucidation of visual or verbal puns, the detection of hidden associations, and the use of contraries (when a dream's meaning is the opposite of what it represents) (Stevens, 15).

The Greeks also had a set of beliefs and rituals for dealing with dreams. Their god of healing, Asklepia, played a large role in this. There were a number of sanctuaries for him situated all throughout Greece in places of beauty with hills, woods, and sacred streams near the sea. This is where healing and the incubation of dreams took place. Incubation was a ritual commonly preformed. A sick or deeply troubled person would undergo a long hard journey to a temple. Here he would remove his clothes and drink sacred water. Then he would be dressed in clean robes before entering the abaton (the sacred abode of the gods), which was filled with snakes. Here the patient would be left to sleep. The healing god would appear to him in a dream with a message to help in making a cure (Stevens, 4).

Dreams have great significance in the Bible as well. Larry Kettlemen tells us this in his book Dreams. They are said to be messages from God. He was reported as saying, "Hear now my words If there be a prophet among you, I the Lord will make myself known unto him in a vision, and will speak to him in a dream." Because of this, dreams were taken very seriously in terms of religion. For example, in the Bible Jacob dreams of the ladder reaching up to heaven (8th chapter of Genesis) "And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven And behold the angels of God ascending and descending. Angels are spoken of quite frequently in the presence of dreams. There is a Jewish story of what happens to us before we are born. Supposedly an angel reveals the soul of all things (heaven and earth) and everything our human destiny will bring. At the moment of birth, the angel flips our nose and we forget all we have been shown. At night however, our souls escape from our bodies to heaven. That was thought to be a dream. From ancient cultures to the Bible, there are many different ways of explaining dreams and their purpose.

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The best-known philosopher on dreams is probably Sigmund Freud. He was an extraordinarily intelligent man with many ideas sifting around. His book explains in great detail is theories. More specifically, he explains the conscious and the subconscious, two states of mind. The conscious is when you are awake and fully aware of what you are doing, thinking, feeling, etc. The subconscious is usually when you are sleeping and are not in control of you thoughts (dreams). Freud referred to dreams in a number of ways. He said they are "the guardian of sleep… they represent the best in us and the worst…they are derived from childhood experience… they can be caused by a disturbance while sleeping." There is also the popular saying, "dreams come from indigestion" (Freud, 150). Freud devoted his life to studying dreams and their hidden meanings. He actually developed a method to help people overcome their problems by analyzing their dreams. He called it psychoanalysis- an analysis of the mind and the personality. Often times he discovered that personality troubles originated from the basis of desires. The strongest desires came from people's childhoods. Children are sometimes forced to hold back their desires and therefore they are forgotten by the conscious mind, but not the subconscious. He called this repression. He was able to determine what that desire was by looking at the person's dreams. If he could find it in the subconscious, then he could expose it once again to the conscious mind, therefore allowing the person to confront the issue at hand and deal with it.

While this was a large focus of his career, he also recognized that events in dreams could be in relation to events in recent days or even to a disturbance while sleeping. For example, have you ever dreamt of a fire drill or a siren, only to wake up and realize your alarm clock is going off? The mind plays tricks on itself, allowing it to remain asleep. The most important dreams, however, are usually the reoccurring ones. They tend to represent something important, something one needs to discover about him/herself.

In Freud's book The Interpretation of Dreams, he discusses a specific reoccurring case that originated from a childhood experience. Freud explains

Someone who attending a course of lectures of mine and boasted that his dreams very seldom underwent distortion reported to me that not long before he had dreamt of seeing his former tutor in bed with the nurse who had been with his family till his eleventh year. In the dream he has identified the locality where the scene occurred. His interest had been aroused and he had reported the dream to his elder brother, who had laughingly confirmed the truth of what he had dreamt. His brother remembered it very well, as he had been six years old at the time. The lovers had been in the habit of making the elder boy drunk with beer, whenever circumstances were favorable for intercourse during the night. The younger boy-the dreamer-who was then three years old and slept in the room with the nurse, was not regarded as an impediment.

This is where the dream is of what has been called the 'recurrent' type that is to say, where a dream was first dreamt in childhood and then constantly from time to time during adult sleep.

Carl G. Jung is another man recognized and well respected for his studies in dream analysis. He believed that the unconscious contains repressed material and possibilities for development, or in other words, to enhance the clarity of one's conscious choices (Clift, 0). "Amplification" was the method of association he taught (symbols and aspects are amplified by the dreamer's association with the symbol). He also believed that figures in dreams could be interpreted objectively or subjectively. An objective interpretation would represent the dreamer him/herself. Mostly, however, he thought dreams could be analyzed subjectively, meaning that the dream represents something within the dreamer (Clift, 6). Jung also had some rather farfetched theories. He was convinced that dream symbols are passed from generation to generation. This he called the "collective unconscious." Symbols once present in a father's dream could be passed on to his son, and to his son, and so forth.

Recording one's dreams is something everyone should take the time to do. Besides the fact that is can reveal things about yourself you never knew, it actually gets to be quite fun. Dreams are a part of us, but more often then not they are forgotten or ignored. So many things happen in all the years of living some are big some are small, some are celebrated some are mourned, while others are simply brushed aside. A great many of these events will weave themselves into a dream in some way or another, even if it is just once, in a very tiny way. If those dreams are not recorded, most times they will be forever forgotten shortly after awakening. In keeping a journal of dreams, one is able to look back at them and try to relate them to what is going on in his/her lives, good or bad.

Recording your dreams does take some discipline. It is best to do it every morning. Keep a notepad and pen right next to the bed. As soon as you wake up, write down everything you can remember about the dreams from that night. Be as specific as humanly possible. Record every detail The weather, the colors, the time, furniture, buildings, landscape, feeling, tone, words head/spoken, thoughts that came, the people, their features (age/height, hair/eye/skin color), describe everything. Even the smallest detail may help in analyzing the dream.

For thousands of years dreams have been fascinating philosophers. There are many different theories on them, but all support that dreams are important and worth documenting and analyzing. Dreams are more than entertainment while resting the body and mind; they are a window to the unknown of oneself.

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The Advantages of Free education

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It has been a popular saying in Jamaica and the wider Caribbean that " freeness nuh good" (that is anything that is free is not good). However, this phrase should not be associated with all areas of life, especially as it relates to Secondary Education. It is an asset for a society to embark on granting free education. Granting free education up to the secondary level will affect the social and economic welfare of society. Our economy, has to do with financial status of the society both present and future, it also has to do with the number of economically active individuals that are productive in the work area. Social welfare would be characterized has a better nation such as less ghettos, less individuals on the streets idling around, more job opportunity and more schools to facilitate the ones of working age and of schooling age. Free education may look and seem simple but when it is looked at it is very serious and cause a positive difference in the society.

Free education gives an opportunity to each and every one "to be all they can be" as a result of this the economy is affected positively by this great progress of the Government. In granting free education up to secondary level it will result in a higher level of job opportunity in the country. One may say what does this have to do with free education? The answer to this question is the more jobs available the more the labour force will increase so as a result of this more the society receives income the more tax the government receives. In other words it is way to extract revenue for the Government. In recent years the countries with an increase in unemployment there is also an increase in the crime and violence. Crime and violence can and would be decreased by the implementation of free education up to secondary level. Someone that is poor would have a better chance to attend school and become someone of ambition and intelligence, so they can get a job with that secondary education instead of being an idler. Also one looks at Jamaica as a typical example, Jamaica as been marred by crime and violence over a period of time so as a result of this situation Jamaica's revenue strategies have been changed quit often. The country's business structure is at trough but with free education it is predicted to be at a "boom".

Secondly, the society's social standing would also be affected. There is an old saying, "if yu wha good yu nose afi go run" some individuals at school are ignoring this concept because they are there free, no sense of responsibility being hanged over their shoulder as a result of the freeness they receives by the Government. While others will make good of this free education in every way they can possibly. So in a wider bases there would be less drop outs from school as a result of this the society would have a higher level of education. As a result of free education up to secondary level the parent may find it easier to finance or rather set a foundation for his or her child to receive college education if the child desires, they often do after getting the most important part of there education free of cost, secondary level. With a much more intelligent nation no one can and could stop this nation to make a progress. " They would log on to progress real progress."

Free education up to secondary level, really it would demand a lot from the Government to facilitate. All the books, salary for teachers and other staffs all that would have to be taken care of by the government. With these situations one may look free education is a burden on the society but in the long run it would benefit the society and economy in a great deal. Over the past nine to ten years the country is suffering from a situation called "brain drain", this is occurred when Jamaican citizens with a white-collar job that went to the States to get an education, which they got but did not return to the country of birth to work. These individuals commit acts do not give any thing back to the country so the country looses tax. With the implementation of free education, which will cut the crime and violence, enabling investors to invest in the country and create more job opportunities for the citizens so a result there would not be any need for migration to seek jobs. Also one would not have all the responsibilities to send their child to school, so in the end they may have little funds to invest in the country. Also in the long run if the country progresses the tax payment that is incurred on the countries citizens would decrease and the cost of living would lower.

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To free education up to secondary level it would be a progressive start for the society. However this process is a gradual process, it as to be done gradually and proper thinking has to be done. If this is not done the country may fall in a trough and will not pick or reach at a peak in the economic structure. Again one may look at Jamaica and say Jamaica's economy is stagnant, they would have to borrow money to do this. Yes they would have to but this is not a short-term plan it is a long-term plan, the end result would be seen in ten or twenty years down the road. One looks at Bermuda and Cuba this system is implemented in these countries and these countries economy is recognizing a strong growth annually. If this system is planned well we can have the same result, as these countries that had implemented these system. Looking at it this Jamaica can even do better with the resources the country has, only if they are used effectively.

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1St Ammendment

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THE FIRST AMENDMENT "Congress shall make no laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." What exactly are the limits to free speech, anyway? This amendment forbids the government from making any law that prohibits it. The debate against this will rage on forever, even judges can't agree. One of the big things that cause argument is people suing publishers and editors for all kinds of things. We need to remind these folks that the First Amendment is a man-made law, not something that is God-made and perfect in all situations, it does have it's limits. Our founding fathers wouldn't mind if we drew the line at a book that gives instructions on how to commit murder. There have been many songs that talk about violence against the police. A man from Texas claimed that the lyrics from Tupac Shakur's "2Pacalypse Now" inspired him to murder a deputy sheriff. But Tupac's song wasn't a how-to on killing police, with explicit instructions. There is a thick line that falls between a work of art that depicts or describes an act of violence and a book that gives advice on murder. Anyone with even a shred of common sense knows that you can't say or write anything about any subject at any time you please. That's why newspapers and magazines across the country go through a self-censorship process that's stricter than any amendment would impose. Unlike some people, most editors and publishers know that the First Amendment's forbidding government from making a new law impinging on freedom of speech doesn't mean that private individuals can't sue you. One judge might throw their cases out, another might rule for the bailiffs. Printing something that's simply offensive may be protected under our Bill of Rights. But that has never stopped individuals from suing them. I saw keep on, if the congress feels that strongly about our rights, so be it. But we need more people to stop them from getting out of hand.

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Lagal studies tasks

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LEGAL STUDIES

TASK 1

The international covenant on civil and political rights. 176

this supervises the human rights performance of states which have signed the covenant in three ways. First, it examines reports describing how the covenant is being implemented. Second, it can consider complaints by one state against another as long as both parties have signed a special declaration recognizing the right of the committee to hear such complaints. Third, the committee can consider complaints from individuals if they are citizens of countries that have accepted that individuals can make complaints.

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The international Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural rights. 176

The function of the covenant is to ensure that everyone is provided with everything they need in order to maintain human dignity it imposes legal obligations on signatory nations to take steps in achieving the full realization of the rights recognized in the covenant. Under this convention everyone has the right to just and favorable conditions of work, to form trade unions, social security, a reasonable standard of living and access to standard physical and mental health, education and to take part in cultural life and have access to benefits of scientific progress.

TASK

The purpose of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights was to achieve maintenance of peace and security in the world. Universally recognizing interests, powers, liberties and entitlements associated with respect and for human dignity and freedom. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was proclaimed in 148. In this document there are 0 articles which asserts the right of all people to

Equality before the law

Education and work

Adequate health and standards of living

Freedom to form a political party and to vote

Freedom of speech, thought and conscience

Freedom from torture, cruel and degrading treatment or punishment

Freedom to seek asylum in other countries to escape persecution.

TASK

Human rights are recognized and enforced by conventional mechanisms such as treaty bodies to monitor compliance of states parties to conventions. Extra conventional mechanisms such as Special representatives of the Secretary-general, and special rapporteurs who are experts appointed by the commission of Human Rights. These special rapporteurs examine, monitor and publicly report on human rights situations and compliance of states with the various international human rights instruments. A 4 hour fax "hotline" is also offered, which can be used by victims of human rights violations, their relatives and non-governmental organizations. Documents which recognize human rights at an international level include all 0 articles of the Declaration of human rights other documents include the covenants of civil and political rights, the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women, the elimination on all forms of racial discrimination, the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide, the rights of the child and the convention against torture and other cruel, inhumane or degrading treatments and punishments. Institutions enforcing these human rights include an international court of justice, international groups such as amnesty international works as an enforcement agency of human rights.

TASK 4

Human rights may receive effective domestic protection through constitutional, statute or common law only while the rule of law exists in a country. When nations wish to participate in international law the universal declaration of human rights is very effective. Nonetheless, when a nation refuses to adopt an international agreement very little can be done. Therefore justice in some cases is hard to be achieved for all, if the event of a nation not becoming a signatory to a certain convention. Although nations who do sign these conventions gain huge advantages over those who do not in relation to justice for all.

TASK 5

A current international human rights issue is that of asylum seekers in Australia. One of the most controversial media reports was those of asylum seekers entering Australia earlier this year. Australia was placed in a very awkward situation, under international law, nations do not have a duty to grant asylum. Conversely Australia had already become a signatory of the convention relating to the status of refugees which defines people as refugees if they have a well-founded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership of a particular social group. Under article of the convention against torture and other cruel or degrading treatment or punishment, states that people should not be returned to a place where this degradation or punishment may occur. Australia was then put in the situation where morally the right thing to do would be accept the people as asylum seekers and entitle them to a protection visa which expires when the refugee can

Voluntarily return to their original country

Become a permanent resident in the country where they gained refugee status

OR

Gain resettlement in a third country.

Australia also had the easier but less morally correct option of refusing these people as refugees and sending them back to their originating countries. Australia's liberal party headed by prime minister john Howard made the executive decision in allowing these asylum seekers Protection Visas until they were able to return to their own country.

The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights played a huge role in this issue and advantaged those people who were almost certain of persecution in gaining the status of refugees and the safe haven of Australia's shores.

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Gambling

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Introduction

The purpose of this primary research report is to analyse the role and response of religious traditions to Gambling in a contemporary Australian society,

Through the thorough analysis of the instruments that can be used to compose this report, the most appropriate was observations. I chose this instrument as I thought that this will help me compose the most efficient and advanced report from the various instruments that could be used.

The specific instrument that I employed to compose this report was observations from various newspaper articles, websites, encyclopedia's and text books. I used specific and relevant quotes from scriptures, and current organisational leaders in order to demonstrate the role and response of religious traditions to gambling in contemporary Australian society.

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This assessment task contains my final report which summarises my findings and draws conclusions on the role and response of religious traditions to gambling. It also contains a full 'Annotated Bibliography' and some secondary research that I was able to collect.

Gambling Research Report

It seems that most societies engage in some form of gambling, as it has developed to be an extension of entertainment. However, gambling takes on a new meaning because stakes are introduced, leading to risk-taking. In some cultures there are sanctions against gambling because of a prevailing view that gaining something purely through luck or chance is morally unsound.

Statistics from a report on Australia's gambling industries by the productivity commission indicated that around 0 000 Australians (.% of adult population) are estimated to have more significant gambling problems, with 140 000 adults experiencing severe problems. Also problem gamblers comprise 15% of regular (non-lottery) gamblers and account for over $ billion in losses annually one-third of the total gambling industries market. It also states that the total turnover of gambling in Australia in 17 and 18 was $5 billion and the cost to gamblers was $11. billion, of this $.8 billion is collected in taxes by state and territory governments. Many of the harms experienced by problem gamblers can be traced back to gambling and not other life events or personality features of the gambler.

As you can see, this report by the productivity commission designates that the gambling industry presents itself as just a harmless entertainment operation, which in some form, has been revealed over many years to be misleading. Also the industry attempts to put the blame for problem gambling onto gamblers themselves which has also been revealed to be incorrect.

Gambling is not just wrong through its statistics due to the fact that a person is losing money and becoming mentally detrimental, but also in religion and it's thought on gambling.

Christianity believes that gambling is morally wrong because it encourages and instigates human greed instead of faith in God. From this Christians can strongly say that gambling is an evil that should be avoided due to the fact that people will make money their God. It comes from the first of the Ten Commandments "I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery. You shall have no other Gods before me."

Gambling is also wrong because it is materialistic. Its appeal comes from a belief that wealth is the most important thing to gain in life.

Gambling is also seen inadequate in a Christian judgement given that it causes effects on the gambler, such as irresponsibility, mental problems and suicide, gambling is also addictive. Through this are causes of social evil, crime and problems, which affect third parties other than the gambling victim.

Another reason why gambling is wrong is because it exploits human weakness and addiction for financial gain, and as such is a case of the rich and the powerful exploiting others, something which the Bible consistently condemns.

Christianity deals with gambling through many denominational charities such as the 'Saint Vincent de Paul society'. The Saint Vincent de Paul Society deals with problem gambling on a daily basis by providing counseling networks and programs. One of the coordinators of this society Mr Dennis Borham shared some remarkable insight into the problems that gambling causes "…5% of our clients have admitted to current legal problems because of gambling". Another charity is called the 'Interchurch Gambling Task Force' (ITGF) which works within the social welfare industry and focuses on the corrosive social effects of gambling. It comprises of many church leaders from various denominations such as, Baptist Union, Salvation Army etc. The spokesperson is Reverend Tim Costello.

The Uniting Church opposes gambling but permits small scale gambling such as parish fund-raising activities which is often associated with Catholicism.

Not only is gambling wrong in Christianity, it also has been proven wrong in Islam.

Islam adopted this view, and discouraged participation in games of change, as it somehow represented interfering in divine law. Indeed Islamic teaching suggests that by indulging in games of chance, human beings are attempting to meddle with "blind" fate and therefore inadvertently mock the divine plan in which nothing is left to chance. This teaching is also conveyed in the Quran which is used as a weapon in order to deter Muslims away from gambling "O ye who believe! Intoxicants and gambling, (dedication of) stones, and (divination by) arrows, are an abomination - of Satans handwork that ye may prosper. Satans plan is (but) to excite enmity and hatred between you, with intoxicants and gambling, and hinder you from the remembrance of God, and from prayer will ye not then abstain? (The Noble Quran, 50-1)".

We have seen how gambling is often wrong in Christianity and also Islam, but gambling is also seen wrong in Judaism.

Judaism like Christianity believes that gambling is prioritizing money and wealth before yourself, others and most importantly of God, which can be traced back to the old testament that states in the ten commandments "I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery. You shall have no other Gods before me" . This commandment is the number one law in Judaism and this is why Judaism disallows gambling. It is considered so close to theft that in Jewish law the professional gambler is not allowed to be a witness in court. The gambler does not "promote the welfare of the world" and that is one of the positive Mitzvot of the Torah.

We have seen from three religions Christianity, Islam and Judaism that gambling is wrong and as they condemn the new age entertainment because of their beliefs. The response of Buddhism to the issue of gambling is unknown as Buddhists have no central body which determines its attitudes to social issues, however, Buddhists are guided by the five moral precepts of not killing, not stealing, not being involved in improper sexual acts, not lying or deceiving and not taking intoxicants. These determine their behaviors. Buddhists should refrain from any behavior, which harms oneself or others. Accordingly, a wise Buddhist would not involve themselves in gambling, which is both harmful to one's self and others.

One point seems certain "People of the Book", whose traditions have come to them through the Judaic-Christian-Islamic heritage of monotheism, have religious and moral sanctions in place against gambling. In many instances throughout history, this has been translated into formal government policy, leaving those who gamble to incur the consequences of flouting the rules and laws of church and state. Despite this, people continue to gamble, for many reasons.

Indeed people who come from neo-Confucian cultures may approach gambling and concepts of luck and chance from a different mindset which holds that those who play for money are not transgressing a moral law. Instead they are testing Karma or fate.

Gambling in the neo-Confucian context may be contrasted to gambling in the Judaic-Christian-Islamic tradition, which through received religious teachings maintains sanctions against indulging in games of chance and personal gain. In this context, people have to go outside those precepts to engage in gambling.

Christianity has a relation to both Islam and Judaism as they both believe that gambling is morally wrong and the influences of that has affected the up bringing of Australia through out the years some of these are

- Churches are increasingly vocal opponents of gambling, particularly the Baptist and Uniting churches who have been involved in government enquiries etc. into problem gambling.

- Reverend Tim Costello leads the anti-gambling movement in Australia, and has done so for a decade.

- Costello is involved in the politics as well as the theology of gambling.

- Involved in Church and state measures to deal with gambling.

- "We don't have problem gamblers; we have problem machines in a problem industry".

It is important to re-emphasise that each of these religions described above are favoured due to their loathing towards gambling. The extent of gambling is now so large, that there is increased questioning on whether the problem can be dissipated due to the fact that gambling has travelled from pubs to the internet. As you can see through statistical evidence, gambling is very much apart of our current society as it encompasses the notion of 'new age entertainment' which most religions detest and disallow.

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PATRIOTS VS LOAYALIST

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Patriots Vs Loyalist

Over two hundred years ago the American Revolution occurred due to the British wanting to take economic and land control. The act by the British is what started the loyalist and the patriots. The patriots were colonist who separated from Britain to gain independence from them while the loyalist were colonist who stayed loyal to Britain.

There were many differences between the patriots and the loyalist but they had one thing in common they were fighting for what they believed in. The loyalist were farmers, lawyers, soldiers and slaves, they had little in common but their opposition to the revolution. Self-interest, political principals emotional bonds and fear are what influenced loyalist to stay true to Britain. They had strong armies but weak troop leaders. The patriots included farmers, artisans, merchants, landowners and elected officials. During the war they were familiar of home ground but their troops were not trained. They wanted to separate from them to form a new world where all men would be equal. A place where they wouldn't have to pay taxes for tea, paper, rum etc. Taxation without representation is another major factor of the revolution; Britain believed that only people had the right to impose taxes were people who were elected. In the end patriots started calling themselves American instead of British. Patriots were supporters of independence and freedom while the loyalist opposed it.

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I believe that the patriots had good reasons fro wanting to separate and become independent. All they wanted was to be treated equal, no matter their economic position or anything. I would of have fought with the patriots because I wouldn't want to be taken advantage of. They had many rights taken away, they couldn't trade with anyone else, they had to house many soldiers and that wasn't fair. A great thing came out of this war we declared our independence

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