Consumer-Manufacturer Relationships

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The American Honda Corporation has a great track record of consumer-manufacturer relationships, making it important to research the relationships it has built with the consumers. New technologies in communications and database management have led to an explosion of managing consumer relationships. This holds true, especially in consumer and business-to-business, as the marketing effort returns from a mass mentality to a shopkeeper's mentality, from supply to demand marketing. The ideal one-to-one approach is through direct marketing to capture understanding, evolution, value and treatment of customers (Stearns 1).

The American Honda Corporation began as a small motorcycle company in 15. Today, Honda is a top manufacturer of motorcycles, power equipment, ATVs, generators, marine engines, and automobiles. From the first Honda vehicle, the S500, released in Japan to today's top-selling Accord and Civic, Honda is one of the world's leading manufacturers in the automobile industry. In 167, auto production began in the Suzuka factory. In 17, the Honda Civic debuts and by 177, the Civic ranks first in United States fuel-economy tests for the fourth consecutive year. The Honda Prelude debuts in 178, followed by the most profitable Honda Accord in 18. In 186, Honda introduces its luxury line, Acura. By 10, the Honda Accord becomes the best-selling car model in the United States and wins the fifth consecutive 1st ranking in the J.D. Power and Associates Consumer Satisfaction Index.

Honda Motor Corporation's basic philosophy of making products acceptable in international markets has led the Company and its subsidiaries' unique business development since its early days. As customer acceptance of Honda products in key markets increases, this philosophy has expanded to a basic business strategy of making products wherever they are being sold in quantity. Through this approach, Honda has been able to contribute to the economic welfare of a number of countries that produce Hondas. An example of Honda's commitment to the people and countries in which its products are sold is Honda of America Manufacturing, Incorporated, in Marysville, Ohio.

Because of successful marketing relationships with customers, Honda has gained a great reputation for itself. It has created a unique development and manufacturing capability producing a variety of consumer products built around compact, high-performance engines. By developing, manufacturing, and supplying 'quality' products, using local resources, and reinvesting capital, Honda fulfills its goal of being a responsible and contributing corporation.

Honda always finds a way to delight its customers, be it the gas efficient hybrid vehicle or the launching of scooters in India; there is always something new to make Honda customers proud of the company. Honda realizes the need for achieving cost leadership and often devises ways to delight its suppliers, but it is usually difficult to find the right vendor. Honda tries hard to build a long-term relationship. In order to sustain long-term relationships, most suppliers are inter-linked with Honda. While some companies try to make the payment procedure complex, with the underlying intention of delaying the payment, Honda is trying to come up with procedures so that payment can be expedited. Such activities undertaken by the company makes it an ideal customer in the eyes of the suppliers who reciprocate by providing the best of their products and services at the lowest possible price. The symbiotic relationship results in fruitful association for both (Sharma 1).

Relationship marketing, itself, centers on all marketing activities directed toward establishing, developing, and maintaining successful exchanges with customers. It is crucial to maintain positive relationships with the customer and the manufacturer of the product, because loyal customers tend to be more profitable to keep than those who are price-sensitive and see little difference among competing products. Also, a company that is successful usually has strong relationships with customers, making it hard for any other competitor to penetrate the interests of the customer. For example, Honda spends more than $5 billion annually for materials and components from three hundred suppliers. The expenditures by the three hundred member purchasing staff at Honda of America represent eighty percent of the firm's annual sales. Each sector of the chain is involved in manufacturing the product, the marketing techniques, delivery, and customer service support after the initial sale. If any of these factors were affected, so will the success of the popular products within the corporation (Hoffman et al 174).

Since the typical industrial corporation spends over half its sales revenues on industrial purchasing, supplier management has been recognized as crucial to the firm's competitiveness, likewise with the Honda Corporation. Honda invests so mush to ensure the very best in quality, that the supply-in-demand must be more than expected to ensure a profit. The automobile industry is a good way to look at the traditional and relationship models of the buyer-supplier relationships (Kim and Michell 11). Several factors must be examined when looking at these types of relationships. These are the percentage of supplier sales to the automaker, the percent of non-redeployable capital equipment, annual man days of face to face contact, information sharing, assisting quality improvement, assisting cost reduction, supplier's trust in automakers fairness, supplier's expectation of unfair and fair treatment. All factors work to achieve the trust of the consumer (Kim and Michell 10). People's identification with Honda is based primarily on the perceptions of its core or defining characteristics. The mission, structure, processes, and climate shape this identity. It also represents hierarchical constellations of characteristics or traits that are central to the Company and eventually, makes Honda relatively distinct against other automobile manufacturers (Bhattachanya and Sen 77).

Supply-chain management is a way of connecting operations of a company with other strategic suppliers and its main mediators and customers, therefore, improving effective and efficient productivity.

According to the elements contributing to effective relationships, consistency and reliability rank among those of importance. J.D. Power Vehicle Consumer Center, rates Honda vehicles among the highest in mechanical quality, performance, style, safety, fuel economy, and overall long-term reliability. Ratings by such a credible source as this, instills trust in potential customers as well as creates continuity for present customers. Customers, then, have confidence in Honda. The fact that Honda has an impeccable track record for their performance of their vehicles makes them an unbelievable commodity.

The American Honda Corporation has experienced marketing success, because of its implementation of the Acura Corporation, a luxury subsidiary, creating business-to-business marketing. Honda's relationships are a viable strategy for social exchange, business-to-consumer marketing, and non-profit marketing (Arnett and German 8). With the establishment of the American Honda Corporate Foundation, the company is able to use Honda to be beneficial to the community through scholarships and grants, making a sector of Honda a non-profit organization ("Honda Corporate").

The channel that Honda uses for its marketing relationships is specifically

Supplier - Manufacturer (Honda)/Assembly - Retailer (Dealership) Consumer

Earlier, the supplier-manufacturer dynamics were introduced, but it is also important to understand the remaining tiers of the marketing relationship. The assembly in this model is one of the most crucial portions. If the assembly does not come through with a quality product, then a company like Honda could suffer from potential callbacks and costly repairs. If production creates a series of lemons, over time, consumers will lose confidence in the manufacturer. The dealership is responsible for delivering the product to potential buyers. If there are not good salespersons, then there will be less profit and also prices would not be appealing to customers, because there would be less demand for them. After the sale, it is important that the product continues to perform well. Customers need assurance; therefore, there is a warranty upon receipt of the vehicle. Also, there is customer service and maintenance services provided at local dealerships. All of these things contribute to overall customer satisfaction and makes relationships with Honda a good one.

In conclusion I foresee more research in the field of relationship marketing in an international context. Comparisons are made between the US and Japanese buyer supplier relationships in the automotive industry and then between four of the major automakers in Japan. In the comparative study of the US and Japan the data support the existence of a clear difference in supplier management between the two countries. Further research directions may be suggested, both conceptually and empirically. Future research will probably give focus in the differences between the majors in each county and possible convergence between both types of relationships contractual and relational. There is a managerial implication drawn from exploratory studies showing that there is a potential myth that Japanese automakers have pursued very similar supplier relationships. They have more likely pursued different supplier relationships based on, for instance, their size and profitability. It is recommended that a comparison of the major automakers in Japan be made individually, not collectively. .

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Hickam Vs Riley

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Hickam Vs. Riley

Homer Hickam's mother, and his teacher, Miss Riley, both helped him achieve his dream. They both modeled something that helped Sonny. Both of them stood strong and believed in Sonny. Neither of them would let him give up. They were two of the biggest catalysts in the story.

Sonny's mother helped him throughout the entire story. Firstly, she wanted him to prove to his dad that he could do more than work in the mine. Secondly, she wanted him to get out of Coalwood and away from the mines. When he wanted to quit she told him to keep going. She kept strong about his goal, even when he didn't. There were many people that supported Sonny throughout the story.

Miss Riley was one of his first supporters. She always believed him, and always stood up for him when the principal tried to demean him. Secondly, Miss Riley got him the rocket book, which proved to be invaluable. Lastly, she also got him into the science fair, where he almost met his idol. Miss Riley always helped him whenever or however she could, and modeled many aspects that he needed to see.

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His mother modeled, for Sonny, stability. She stayed strong no matter what the situation. Miss Riley modeled faithfulness. She believed in Sonny no matter what, and she always stood up for him. They both modeled something that helped him achieve his goal. Not only modeling, the two also helped Sonny in other ways.

His mother helped Sonny in a passive manner. She never directly gave him anything, except unending support. Miss Riley gave him more of a direct help. She gave him the rockets book, and got him in the science fair. Both of them gave him help he needed, and their impact on Sonny helped him achieve his ultimate goal.

They both had a positive affect on Sonny. They both gave him help, not matter what the cost. Both of them provided a model for Sonny. They both gave him never-ending support. Without Miss Riley, or his mother, Sonny never would have achieved his goal.

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Individual weight loss paper

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Individual Paper on a Weight-Loss Program

The weight-Loss program I am reviewing is the Atkins diet. The Atkins diet has gained significant popularity within the United States due to its basics allowing you to eat all the meat and cheese you want. According to Dr. Atkins, the cornerstone of the Atkins philosophy is a four-phase eating plan in conjunction with vitamin and mineral supplementation and regular exercise. Further, it is based upon four principles (Atkins, 00). Phase 1 is the introduction, restricting your carbohydrate intake to 0 grams or less. Phase is ongoing Weight Loss by adding fiber rich foods to your diet. Phase is making the transition from Weight Loss to Weight maintenance. Phase 4 is the lifetime maintenance and involves learning how to select and control the amount of carbohydrates you ingest.

Atkins Diet - Claims

• You will lose weight fast.

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• You can eat all the protein and fat you want and still lose weight.

• Your will have increased energy.

An example of a typical day's menu is as follows

Typical Induction Menu

Breakfast

Bacon slices, 4 slices

Coffee, decaf, 8 ounces

Scrambled eggs,

Lunch

Bacon cheeseburger, no bun

Bacon, slices

American cheese, 1 ounce

Ground beef patty, 6 ounces

Small tossed salad, no dressing

Seltzer water

Dinner

Shrimp cocktail, ounces

Mustard, 1 teaspoon

Mayonnaise, 1 tablespoon

Clear consomm, 1 cup

T-bone steak, 6 ounces

Tossed salad

Russian dressing

Sugar-free Jell-O, ½ cup

Whipped cream, 1 tablespoon

Typical Ongoing Weight Loss Menu

Breakfast

Western Omelet

Eggs,

Cheddar cheese, ounces

Bell peppers, 1 tablespoon

Onion, 1 tablespoon

Ham bits, 1/10 cup

Butter, 1 tablespoon

Tomato juice, ounces

Crisp bread, carbohydrate grams (¼ slice)

Tea, decaf, 8 ounces

Lunch

Chefs salad with ham, cheese, and egg with zero-carb dressing

Iced herbal tea, 8 ounces

Dinner

Subway seafood salad, 1 item

Poached salmon, 6 ounces

Boiled cabbage, / cup

Strawberries, ½ cup with 4 tablespoons cream

Typical Maintenance Menu

Breakfast

Gruyere and spinach omelet

Eggs,

Gruyere cheese, ounces

Spinach, ¼ cup cooked

Butter, 1 tablespoon

½ cantaloupe

Crisp bread, 4 carbo grams, ½ slice

Coffee, decaf, 8 ounces

Lunch

Roast chicken, 6 ounces

Broccoli, / cup, steamed

Green salad

Creamy garlic dressing

Club soda

Dinner

French onion soup, 1 cup

Salad with tomato, onion, carrots

Oil and vinegar dressing

Asparagus, 1 cup

Baked potato, ½ small with sour cream ( tablespoons) and chives

Veal chops, 1 serving

Fruit compote, 1¼ cups (generous cup)

Wine spritzer, 16 ounces

Atkins Diet - Drawbacks

• Initial weight loss may be quite fast, but is rarely sustainable.

• Eating protein and fat gets boring, fast.

• Any ketosis-inducing diet strains the kidneys and may be harmful.

• You experience constipation due to lack of fiber.

• Your fat intake is likely to be too high for comfort.

• No diet which eliminates entire food groups is a viable long-term diet.

• Giving up potatoes, corn, bread, fruits and vegetables and much more for as long as it takes to lose the weight, is not a user-friendly diet plan.

• Eating the Atkins way might encourage you to continue eating large quantities of meat, cheese and cream.

Supplements

Dr. Atkins recommends taking chromium picolinate, potassium, magnesium and calcium supplements among the many others he advocates. You will certainly need supplements while you are only eating high protein/high fat foods.

Exercise

Dr. Atkins plan recommends a combination of aerobic exercise, for its cardiovascular benefits, and weight-bearing exercise, to protect your bones and strengthen your muscles as you age. For this reason, it is particularly important that women establish a regular exercise program. An example is to start with any aerobic exercise at any level you can sustain. (If you are overweight, don't start off running; it places too great a stress on your body.) Check with your doctor before embarking on an exercise routine. If you're out of shape and very heavy, you may need to start with only 10 minutes a day. Just make sure that 10-minute regimen takes places five times a week. The body can usually handle a 10 percent increase in workload per week (Good, 00).

Behavior modification

The maintenance program Dr. Atkins advocates is a well balanced diet, but his quantities for complex carbohydrates are lower than most nutritionist recommend.

Atkins Diet - Verdict

• Not recommended. Clinical diet research continues to show that the Atkins-type high fat diet elevates total cholesterol, LDLs, triglycerides, homocysteine and fibrinogen (Fleming, 000).

• By contrast, clinical diet research shows that the high-carb/low-fat type diet leads to improvements in all cardiovascular risk factors (Fleming, 000).

In conclusion, I find that the Atkins diet will help you loose the weight, but not in a healthy manner. A well balanced 40-0-0 plan of 40% carbohydrates, 0% protein and 0% fat along with a regularly planned exercise routine will help you to loose weight and remain healthier. The road to success will take longer, but the over all results might last a lifetime.

References

Atkins, Dr. (00). Atkins Nutritionals WhyAtkins Works. Retrieved March 5, 00 from the World Wide Web http//atkinscenter.com/Archive/001/11/-67514.html

Fleming RM, Boyd LB. The effect of high-protein diets on coronary blood flow. Angiology 000; 518176.

Good, J. (00). Easy Exercise Program for Weight Loss. Retrieved March 5, 00 from the World Wide Web http//www.stress-free-weight-loss.com/January-1-00.htm

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Operant Conditioning

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Operant-Conditioning

The use of Operant Conditioning to shape a desired behaviour

Behavioural psychology is a branch of Psychology, which studies the way in which humans learn and adapt to their environment. The ability to adapt and to learn from a constant changing environment is essential for survival of all species, not exclusive to the human race. "Operant conditioning involves operant behaviour, as each individual act operates on the environment to produce rewarding or punishing stimuli". (Myers, 00, 01.).

Operational Conditioning is a method used to increase a desirable behaviour, and to decrease an undesirable behaviour. This method incorporates shaping, positive and negative reinforcement, token economies and reinforcement schedules to further increase a desirable behaviour within a species. B.F. Skinner, one of the most influential behavioural psychologists who developed his theory of Operational Conditioning from Edward L. Thorndike's Law of Effect, used these fundamental principles of reinforcement and reinforcement schedules to shape and modify the behaviour in rats placed in a controlled environment, called a Skinner box. (Myers, 00, 01.).

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Edward. L. Thorndike's theory of the Law of Effect states that "Rewarded behaviour is likely to recur, whereas punished behaviour is likely not likely to recur." (Myers, 00, 01.). Using this theory as a starting point, Skinner developed a behavioural technology that revealed principles of control. These principles enabled Skinner to teach pigeons such behaviours as walking in a figure eight, playing ping-pong, and keeping a missile on course by pecking at a target on a screen. (Myers, 00, 01.).

Operant-Conditioning 4

Critics of Skinners theory denounce it stating "he dehumanized people by neglecting their personal freedom and by seeking to control their actions." (Myers, 00, 01.). Skinner's response was that "recognizing behaviour that is shaped by its consequences, we, as a society,

should administer rewards in ways that promote behaviour that is more desirable. Due to the fact that people's behaviour is already haphazardly controlled by external consequences, why not administer those consequences for human betterment"(Myers, 00, 01.).

The present study is an attempt to test the efficiency of Skinners principles of Operant Conditioning to increase desired study behaviour, by the use of a controlled experiment. A participant recorded his/her daily activities on a daily calendar. For the period of approximately two weeks the participant recorded when the desired behaviour of study occurred naturally. The participant then recorded on a daily calendar the occurrence of the desired behaviour for four weeks with the use of operant conditioning principles as an intervention to gradually increase the amount of time studied. It was expected that the participant would observe and benefit from an increase in the desired study behaviour.

Method

Participant(s)

The participant for this study was a male, approximately 18 years of age, and was a Douglas College psychology 100 student who participated in this study for course credit. For two weeks, he participant was asked to record base line data of his study behaviour as it occurred naturally, then was asked to record his behaviour with a four week intervention, using key techniques and principles of Operant Conditioning. The participant, during the four-week

Operant-conditioning 5

intervention was asked to record the number of minutes studied each day, for each week. The participant agreed and signed a consent form. (see appendix A).

Materials

The participant was asked to use a pencil and daily records calendar to record his daily behaviours, as they occurred naturally for two weeks. After the two-week period, he was then asked to record his daily behaviour and his study behaviour while using the principles of operant conditioning to increase his study behaviour. After each day, if the required behaviour occurred, the participant was given a token in which he could redeem for 'free' time.

The principles of operant conditioning used were continuous, positive reinforcement by using tokens to gain personal time, tokens, a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule as every time the desired behaviour occurred the participant received a token, and shaping, the use of operant conditioning to modify and enhance the desired behaviour. The participant used Myers 6th edition psychology textbook to study from.

Procedure

The participant was asked to record his behaviour every day for two weeks. This would provide a controlled variable in which to compare the experimental variable. After two weeks, the participant was then introduced to principles of operant conditioning (ex positive and potent reinforcement and a reinforcement schedule.). For four weeks, he recorded his daily behaviour and for every time the desired minutes of daily study behaviour was achieved, he received a token. Each token granted to the participant could be redeemed for one hour of personal time. Each week the number of desired study minutes increased. At the end of each week, if all desired study minutes from Monday through Sunday exclusive were achieved, the participant was

Operant-Conditioning 6

allowed to purchase two new CDs. If the desired study minutes were not achieved for each week,

Monday through Sunday exclusive, the participant was denied the purchase of two CDs.

For two weeks the participant collected base line data. In week one of the intervention period the participant was required to study for a minimum of 45 minutes per day, per week. In the second week the participant was required to study for a minimum of 75 minutes per day, per week, then for 15 minutes per day, per week in week three. Finally, the participant was required to study for a minimum of 150 minutes per day, per week. If all of the desired minutes of study was accomplished, at the end of each day the participant received a token in which he could redeem for free minutes of personal time. At the end of each week, if all minutes of study were accomplished, the participant was allowed to purchase two new CDs as a reward. At the end of each week the participant recorded his results on a table, which he could then compare to the required results for that week. At the end of the four week intervention all six weeks of data was collected for the purpose of a compare and contrast table to show the behaviour achieved by the participant, and the predicted, desired behaviour defined by the experiment. (see appendix B)

Results

The effectiveness of operant conditioning principles during the four-week intervention period was assessed by comparing the experimental intervention data with the two-weeks of base line data. As anticipated, the participant's study behaviour gradually and steadily increased during the intervention period.

Operant-Conditioning 7

As the figure 1 demonstrates, the amount of time in minutes in which the participant studied was average. During the four weeks of intervention however, the participant's behaviour steadily increased.

As table one indicates, during the four weeks of intervention the participants study behaviour increased, and as shown in weeks four and five, surpassed the desired target.

Discussion

The results of this study demonstrate that the use of operant conditioning principles, such as positive reinforcement, token economies and reinforcement schedules for shaping behaviour were effective. The two weeks of base line data indicated that the study behaviour of the participant was average, however it was not consistent from day to day. As expected, when the participant underwent a four-week intervention period using operant conditioning principles, his study behaviour steadily increased and was consistent each day.

Past experiments suggest that operant conditioning is effective in shaping a desirable behaviour through reinforcement. B.F. Skinners experiments with rats and pigeons found that the use of successive approximations by rewarding only the desirable behaviour, and administering reinforcers that have a positive effect will promote shaping of a specific and desired behaviour. "By making rewards contingent on desired behaviours, researchers and animal trainers gradually shape complex behaviours." (Myers, 00, pg 0.).

The study encompasses limitations. There were no control measures taken to ensure that the time studies were done at the same time, each day for consistency and continuity. The study itself was a case study, only focussing on one individual, therefore generalization cannot be

Operant-Conditioning 8

drawn form this studies findings. Although tokens were used and reinforcers were present, the fact that the participant administered there own rewards may have altered the results as the participant could give himself rewards regardless if he completed the desired behaviour or not. Finally, due to the fact that the positive reinforced must be, according to Nancy Maloney a psychology professor at Douglas College,"immediate, accessible and potent"(N. Maloney, personal communications, 00.); the reinforcement in this study may not have been potent or accessible enough for the participant as it was not immediate. The reinforcement was given at the end of each week, rather than each day.

Further research would benefit from a reinforcement that is immediate and accessible, administered by the experimenter, rather than the participant, and experimenting upon larger populations, randomly selected would give more credible and sound results in which a generalization may be pulled

In conclusion, the findings support the hypothesis in that operant conditioning is a successful way in which to modify, shape and increase a desired behaviour through the use of its fundamental techniques and principles.

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Ibm mission statement and vision statement

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Before we start any process of negotiation, there are a number of basic principles to remember

You are the one who uses the tools, so you must know how to use them best.

The other side also uses the same mechanisms, both as tools of information and from an intuitive point of view. Because of this you must learn the means which can be used by the opposing side.&

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Work in an automatic fashion. This will make it easier to act rationally and cope with your own emotional reactions.You will then be able to use the tactics required and react in the most advantageous way.

Commercial negotiations start from the moment you meet the other side. They are not limited by time boundaries within which it has been announced that the negotiations will now be officially done.

There are rules of negotiation, just as there are for a game of chess. There is no guarantee that the other side knows or follows the rules, but research studies have shown that they usually behave as expected. It is for this reason that we can relate to negotiation as a scientific process, not a creative one. Chess players practice regularly. If they do not practice, their skill decreases, especially when their level of expertise is high. You cannot let your negotiation skills rust; you must read articles and books and keep practicing.

Effective negotiations focus on producing a Win Win situation, the meaning of which is a situation in which both sides are pleased with the results. You must remember that in the process of negotiation, the goal is to win the majority of outlined conditions for long term mutual satisfaction and cooperation.

Before you start, check that you have not forgotten the following elements

1. a powerful desire to be one of the participants and partners in the action

. behaving with respect and humility in all discussions

. patience and composure

4. a real commitment to the organization of which you are a member

5. preparation, an in-depth understanding of the situation, and knowledge

6. prepared alternatives

7. clear strategies, tactics, and objectives

In your opinion, what are the most important reasons international business negotiations fail? Explain your reasoning for each one.

avoiding making the initial suggestion This causes the other side to make the first suggestion. When you need more information or when their suggestion is better than you expected, this could be an advantage. Listening to their stand does make it possible for you to think and react in a more suitable, informed way, and that too, can be an advantage. You will be able to make a suggestion which lies between the two extremes. However, not being willing to offer a suggestion can stall the entire process and lead to failure.

thinking that signing the agreement is the end of the process signing is the completion of the negotiation and the beginning of the next stage. Thinking that all that is needed is a signature, can lead to highly emotional crisies and irrational behaviors, even cancellation of the agreement.

losing your cool or withdrawing from the negotiations the negotiations can be postponed or fail either because they must replace you or because their emotional response is to stop the process.

misinterpretation or failure to accept and relate to the practices and attitudes of the other side cultural values, traditions and norms are different and all the diversities can make the process of negotiation difficult.

different goals objectives may be misunderstood, again, a cultural difference which can stop the process right at the beginning.

take it or leave it attitude this is a guaranteed recipe for failure. Negative attitudes, closed minds, and unwillingness to look for compromise all can bring failure.

When negotiations take a very long time, one of the following situations can occur

impasse lack of agreement on one issue. It is possible to continue the talks and avoid discussing the one issue which is the problem. This may or may not work.

stalemate this is a situation in which both sides continue to talk, but they do not advance toward any solution.

deadlock a deadlock is a situation in which no further advance is possible. This does not occur often, but when it does, the only possible way out is to bring in a facilitator or negotiator and to accept his final decisions.

In your opinion, what are the most important reasons international business

negotiations are successful? Explain your reasoning for each one.

all successful negotiations start by building trust Trust is based on reliable communications, honesty, and a feeling of shared goals.

friendly tactics Business negotiations are not conducted between organizations. They are conducted between people. Respect shown on both sides for both sides will achieve success.

presentation of data which shows interest The preparation of papers and graphs showing the advantages of your proposals, for example, comparing your ideas with the competition, are often more convincing than statements that are made vocally.

undermine their confidence Presenting the disadvantages of their proposal or referring to some deficiency on their side, as long as there is no personal attack, can improve the chance of success.

experience communication in the international business world is quicker and easier than it ever was. More and more business managers negotiate deals. The experience they gain helps them learn how to make the next negotiation successful.

awareness and better understanding of non-verbal communication Body language is often more important than the words which are spoken. Knowledge of non-verbal communication, both what you project and what is projected by the other side, improve the chance of success.

flexibility Adherence to plans and goals is important, but not so important that you cannot afford to be flexible. Being capable of lowering demands a little or compromising bring about success.

end the negotiations with friendly handshake successful negotiations beget more successful negotiations. Remembering to close in an amicable and cordial way will help maintain good relations.

In deciding to establish a strategic alliance or a start up subsidiary in a foreign country, what are the major factors a company should consider?

The recipe for the success of a new subsidiary abroad is to start at the right time and in the right way.

major factors

the potential market for the product. Is there a need or a demand?

the potential service providers for the equipment

the availability of qualified workers

in what geographic area the business will be situated. example - Does it have easy access? Are there other businesses in the area? Does the area attract new companies? Have there been failures in the area, and, if so, why?

population statistics (including annual income, age, number of children) in the area and population growth expected.

potential competition in the area; cost of the product/service they offer; advantages and disadvantages of their product/service

who will supply the materials needed by the business and how (if transportation is involved)

does the product/service have some competitive edge which will contribute to its success?

laws of the area

bank regulations of the area, ease or difficulty getting financial aid (loans/grants), and if large loans are needed, then the interest rates.

national problems which would interfere with production or provision of service

anticipated profits

anticipated expenses and if can survive from 1- years without showing a profit

anticipated initial funds demanded

need to advertise

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Basketball

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Throughout history dreams have been documented, studied, and interpreted by researchers, therapists, even the Bible, proving that despite doubts and disbelievers, dreams can reveal issues in relationships, causes of stress, a childhood trauma, etc; things helping people to heal mentally, who otherwise may not have. Looking back thousands of years people have been trying to explain them and what they represent. The ideas that have seemed to stick are the ones that deal with dreams as the subconscious, trying to tell your conscious something, rather than some of the earlier ideas that dreams are messages from God, or that they will tell you the future. For such philosophies to come about, it is necessary for dreams and all their details to be documented. While specific objects do not always represent the same thing, the idea of what is being dreamt can be very revealing.

The earliest records of dreams are the Assyrian and Babylonian dream books from Egypt, around 66 BC (Stevens, 14). During this time period, the primary interest in dreams was in warnings they were believed to provide about the future. For example, if one were to dream of drinking water, it meant long life, while drinking wine meant a short life (Stevens 15). There was an Egyptian god of dreams know as Serapis. He had numerous temples throughout Egypt that were worshiped regularly, just as other gods were. Dreams were not taken at all lightly. The first dream analysis to come from Egypt was Chester Beatty. His papyrus is now in the British Museum. It contains some 00 records of dreams. While Beatty supported some ideas of dreams telling bits of the future, he also used the same principles in interpreting dreams as Sigmund Freud did many years later the elucidation of visual or verbal puns, the detection of hidden associations, and the use of contraries (when a dream's meaning is the opposite of what it represents) (Stevens, 15).

The Greeks also had a set of beliefs and rituals for dealing with dreams. Their god of healing, Asklepia, played a large role in this. There were a number of sanctuaries for him situated all throughout Greece in places of beauty with hills, woods, and sacred streams near the sea. This is where healing and the incubation of dreams took place. Incubation was a ritual commonly preformed. A sick or deeply troubled person would undergo a long hard journey to a temple. Here he would remove his clothes and drink sacred water. Then he would be dressed in clean robes before entering the abaton (the sacred abode of the gods), which was filled with snakes. Here the patient would be left to sleep. The healing god would appear to him in a dream with a message to help in making a cure (Stevens, 4).

Dreams have great significance in the Bible as well. Larry Kettlemen tells us this in his book Dreams. They are said to be messages from God. He was reported as saying, "Hear now my words If there be a prophet among you, I the Lord will make myself known unto him in a vision, and will speak to him in a dream." Because of this, dreams were taken very seriously in terms of religion. For example, in the Bible Jacob dreams of the ladder reaching up to heaven (8th chapter of Genesis) "And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven And behold the angels of God ascending and descending. Angels are spoken of quite frequently in the presence of dreams. There is a Jewish story of what happens to us before we are born. Supposedly an angel reveals the soul of all things (heaven and earth) and everything our human destiny will bring. At the moment of birth, the angel flips our nose and we forget all we have been shown. At night however, our souls escape from our bodies to heaven. That was thought to be a dream. From ancient cultures to the Bible, there are many different ways of explaining dreams and their purpose.

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The best-known philosopher on dreams is probably Sigmund Freud. He was an extraordinarily intelligent man with many ideas sifting around. His book explains in great detail is theories. More specifically, he explains the conscious and the subconscious, two states of mind. The conscious is when you are awake and fully aware of what you are doing, thinking, feeling, etc. The subconscious is usually when you are sleeping and are not in control of you thoughts (dreams). Freud referred to dreams in a number of ways. He said they are "the guardian of sleep… they represent the best in us and the worst…they are derived from childhood experience… they can be caused by a disturbance while sleeping." There is also the popular saying, "dreams come from indigestion" (Freud, 150). Freud devoted his life to studying dreams and their hidden meanings. He actually developed a method to help people overcome their problems by analyzing their dreams. He called it psychoanalysis- an analysis of the mind and the personality. Often times he discovered that personality troubles originated from the basis of desires. The strongest desires came from people's childhoods. Children are sometimes forced to hold back their desires and therefore they are forgotten by the conscious mind, but not the subconscious. He called this repression. He was able to determine what that desire was by looking at the person's dreams. If he could find it in the subconscious, then he could expose it once again to the conscious mind, therefore allowing the person to confront the issue at hand and deal with it.

While this was a large focus of his career, he also recognized that events in dreams could be in relation to events in recent days or even to a disturbance while sleeping. For example, have you ever dreamt of a fire drill or a siren, only to wake up and realize your alarm clock is going off? The mind plays tricks on itself, allowing it to remain asleep. The most important dreams, however, are usually the reoccurring ones. They tend to represent something important, something one needs to discover about him/herself.

In Freud's book The Interpretation of Dreams, he discusses a specific reoccurring case that originated from a childhood experience. Freud explains

Someone who attending a course of lectures of mine and boasted that his dreams very seldom underwent distortion reported to me that not long before he had dreamt of seeing his former tutor in bed with the nurse who had been with his family till his eleventh year. In the dream he has identified the locality where the scene occurred. His interest had been aroused and he had reported the dream to his elder brother, who had laughingly confirmed the truth of what he had dreamt. His brother remembered it very well, as he had been six years old at the time. The lovers had been in the habit of making the elder boy drunk with beer, whenever circumstances were favorable for intercourse during the night. The younger boy-the dreamer-who was then three years old and slept in the room with the nurse, was not regarded as an impediment.

This is where the dream is of what has been called the 'recurrent' type that is to say, where a dream was first dreamt in childhood and then constantly from time to time during adult sleep.

Carl G. Jung is another man recognized and well respected for his studies in dream analysis. He believed that the unconscious contains repressed material and possibilities for development, or in other words, to enhance the clarity of one's conscious choices (Clift, 0). "Amplification" was the method of association he taught (symbols and aspects are amplified by the dreamer's association with the symbol). He also believed that figures in dreams could be interpreted objectively or subjectively. An objective interpretation would represent the dreamer him/herself. Mostly, however, he thought dreams could be analyzed subjectively, meaning that the dream represents something within the dreamer (Clift, 6). Jung also had some rather farfetched theories. He was convinced that dream symbols are passed from generation to generation. This he called the "collective unconscious." Symbols once present in a father's dream could be passed on to his son, and to his son, and so forth.

Recording one's dreams is something everyone should take the time to do. Besides the fact that is can reveal things about yourself you never knew, it actually gets to be quite fun. Dreams are a part of us, but more often then not they are forgotten or ignored. So many things happen in all the years of living some are big some are small, some are celebrated some are mourned, while others are simply brushed aside. A great many of these events will weave themselves into a dream in some way or another, even if it is just once, in a very tiny way. If those dreams are not recorded, most times they will be forever forgotten shortly after awakening. In keeping a journal of dreams, one is able to look back at them and try to relate them to what is going on in his/her lives, good or bad.

Recording your dreams does take some discipline. It is best to do it every morning. Keep a notepad and pen right next to the bed. As soon as you wake up, write down everything you can remember about the dreams from that night. Be as specific as humanly possible. Record every detail The weather, the colors, the time, furniture, buildings, landscape, feeling, tone, words head/spoken, thoughts that came, the people, their features (age/height, hair/eye/skin color), describe everything. Even the smallest detail may help in analyzing the dream.

For thousands of years dreams have been fascinating philosophers. There are many different theories on them, but all support that dreams are important and worth documenting and analyzing. Dreams are more than entertainment while resting the body and mind; they are a window to the unknown of oneself.

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The Advantages of Free education

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It has been a popular saying in Jamaica and the wider Caribbean that " freeness nuh good" (that is anything that is free is not good). However, this phrase should not be associated with all areas of life, especially as it relates to Secondary Education. It is an asset for a society to embark on granting free education. Granting free education up to the secondary level will affect the social and economic welfare of society. Our economy, has to do with financial status of the society both present and future, it also has to do with the number of economically active individuals that are productive in the work area. Social welfare would be characterized has a better nation such as less ghettos, less individuals on the streets idling around, more job opportunity and more schools to facilitate the ones of working age and of schooling age. Free education may look and seem simple but when it is looked at it is very serious and cause a positive difference in the society.

Free education gives an opportunity to each and every one "to be all they can be" as a result of this the economy is affected positively by this great progress of the Government. In granting free education up to secondary level it will result in a higher level of job opportunity in the country. One may say what does this have to do with free education? The answer to this question is the more jobs available the more the labour force will increase so as a result of this more the society receives income the more tax the government receives. In other words it is way to extract revenue for the Government. In recent years the countries with an increase in unemployment there is also an increase in the crime and violence. Crime and violence can and would be decreased by the implementation of free education up to secondary level. Someone that is poor would have a better chance to attend school and become someone of ambition and intelligence, so they can get a job with that secondary education instead of being an idler. Also one looks at Jamaica as a typical example, Jamaica as been marred by crime and violence over a period of time so as a result of this situation Jamaica's revenue strategies have been changed quit often. The country's business structure is at trough but with free education it is predicted to be at a "boom".

Secondly, the society's social standing would also be affected. There is an old saying, "if yu wha good yu nose afi go run" some individuals at school are ignoring this concept because they are there free, no sense of responsibility being hanged over their shoulder as a result of the freeness they receives by the Government. While others will make good of this free education in every way they can possibly. So in a wider bases there would be less drop outs from school as a result of this the society would have a higher level of education. As a result of free education up to secondary level the parent may find it easier to finance or rather set a foundation for his or her child to receive college education if the child desires, they often do after getting the most important part of there education free of cost, secondary level. With a much more intelligent nation no one can and could stop this nation to make a progress. " They would log on to progress real progress."

Free education up to secondary level, really it would demand a lot from the Government to facilitate. All the books, salary for teachers and other staffs all that would have to be taken care of by the government. With these situations one may look free education is a burden on the society but in the long run it would benefit the society and economy in a great deal. Over the past nine to ten years the country is suffering from a situation called "brain drain", this is occurred when Jamaican citizens with a white-collar job that went to the States to get an education, which they got but did not return to the country of birth to work. These individuals commit acts do not give any thing back to the country so the country looses tax. With the implementation of free education, which will cut the crime and violence, enabling investors to invest in the country and create more job opportunities for the citizens so a result there would not be any need for migration to seek jobs. Also one would not have all the responsibilities to send their child to school, so in the end they may have little funds to invest in the country. Also in the long run if the country progresses the tax payment that is incurred on the countries citizens would decrease and the cost of living would lower.

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To free education up to secondary level it would be a progressive start for the society. However this process is a gradual process, it as to be done gradually and proper thinking has to be done. If this is not done the country may fall in a trough and will not pick or reach at a peak in the economic structure. Again one may look at Jamaica and say Jamaica's economy is stagnant, they would have to borrow money to do this. Yes they would have to but this is not a short-term plan it is a long-term plan, the end result would be seen in ten or twenty years down the road. One looks at Bermuda and Cuba this system is implemented in these countries and these countries economy is recognizing a strong growth annually. If this system is planned well we can have the same result, as these countries that had implemented these system. Looking at it this Jamaica can even do better with the resources the country has, only if they are used effectively.

Please note that this sample paper on The Advantages of Free education is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Advantages of Free education, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Advantages of Free education will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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